Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Eugene Choo, MD
Cardiovascular Disease · Okemos, MI
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Choo from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Choo
Dr. Eugene Choo is a cardiovascular disease specialist in Okemos, MI, with 19 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Choo performed 2,098 Medicare services across 1,602 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Choo received a total of $7,436 from 53 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 421 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in cardiovascular disease. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Choo is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 19 years in practice
▲ Top 29% volume in MI
$7,436 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗2,098
Medicare services
Top 29% in MI for cardiovascular disease
1,602
Unique beneficiaries
$61
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~110 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visit, established patient (20-29 min) An office visit for an existing patient lasting between 20 and 29 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
470 | $59 | $112 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
447 | $92 | $163 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function. |
205 | $126 | $405 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report. |
196 | $10 | $35 |
| Office visit, established patient (10-19 min) An office visit for an existing patient lasting 10 to 19 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
128 | $31 | $85 |
| New patient office visit, 15-29 minutes An initial office visit for a new patient lasting 15 to 29 minutes. This code is used when the total time spent on the date of the encounter meets this duration threshold. |
77 | $46 | $115 |
| Urinalysis, manual A manual laboratory examination of a urine sample to check for various substances and cells. |
68 | $3 | $5 |
| COVID-19 immunoassay detection test A laboratory test that uses an immunoassay method to detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) through direct visual observation. |
67 | $40 | $55 |
| Influenza virus detection test A laboratory test that uses an immunoassay technique to detect the presence of the influenza virus through direct visual observation. |
57 | $16 | $50 |
| Pacemaker programming, dual lead system Adjustment and configuration of a dual-lead pacemaker device to ensure proper operation and settings. |
51 | $47 | $165 |
| Follow-up heart ultrasound An ultrasound of the heart performed to monitor or reassess a previously identified condition or treatment progress. |
51 | $72 | $203 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, low complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an established patient with straightforward or low-level medical decision making. The visit requires at least 25 minutes of time spent on the day of service. |
45 | $39 | $70 |
| Strep A rapid test A rapid test to detect Group A Streptococcus bacteria using an immunoassay method with direct visual observation. |
42 | $15 | $25 |
| Drug injection, under skin or into muscle A procedure involving the administration of a medication or substance via injection into the subcutaneous tissue or muscle. |
30 | $9 | $35 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 26 | $203 | $2,205 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, moderate complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an existing patient involving moderate medical decision making. The visit requires at least 35 minutes of time spent on the date of service. |
24 | $62 | $115 |
| 2-day continuous ECG with review and report A two-day continuous electrocardiogram recording that includes a professional review and written report of the results. |
19 | $47 | $175 |
| New patient office visit (30-44 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 30 and 44 minutes. This code is used when the total time spent on the date of the encounter falls within this range. |
18 | $77 | $165 |
| New patient office visit (45-59 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 45 and 59 minutes. This code covers the total time spent by the physician or qualified healthcare professional on the date of the encounter. |
17 | $107 | $234 |
| Ketorolac injection, per 15 mg An injection of ketorolac tromethamine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, administered in doses measured per 15 mg. |
17 | $0 | $10 |
| Ear wax removal by washing This procedure involves the removal of impacted ear wax using a washing technique. |
16 | $10 | $43 |
| Methylprednisolone injection, up to 125 mg An injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, a corticosteroid medication, with a dosage of up to 125 mg. |
14 | $3 | $15 |
| Chest X-ray, 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the chest that captures two different angles to visualize the lungs, heart, and chest wall. |
13 | $25 | $70 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
13.4% high complexity
5.3% medium
81.2% routine
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$7,436
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $1,062/year across 7 years
Top 28% in MI for cardiovascular disease
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
53
Companies
421
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$7,261 (97.6%)
Speaking / Promotional
Speaker programs, honoraria, and industry-sponsored educational events
$175 (2.4%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$1,447
2023
$850
2022
$1,563
2021
$973
2020
$777
2019
$959
2018
$867
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$287
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$128
Biosense Webster, Inc.
$127
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$123
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$100
PFIZER INC.
$87
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$83
Novo Nordisk Inc
$80
ABIOMED
$65
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$65
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$45
Amgen Inc.
$43
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$40
ShockWave Medical, Inc
$35
Abbott Laboratories
$25
Tactile Systems Technology Inc
$24
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$21
Vital Connect, Inc
$21
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$18
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$16
Baxter Healthcare
$14
Top 3 companies account for 37.5% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$708
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$683
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$578
PFIZER INC.
$425
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$364
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$343
Amgen Inc.
$326
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$298
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$248
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$247
Biosense Webster, Inc.
$234
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$228
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.
$214
Novo Nordisk Inc
$197
Abbott Laboratories
$182
Astellas Pharma US Inc
$175
Boston Scientific Corporation
$162
iRhythm Technologies, Inc.
$142
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$132
Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
$132
Shockwave Medical, Inc
$125
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$117
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$100
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$86
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
$83
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.
$73
ABIOMED
$65
Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.
$61
Baxter Healthcare
$55
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC.
$54
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$53
Daiichi Sankyo Inc.
$51
Bardy Diagnostics, Inc.
$44
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$40
Lundbeck LLC
$40
ShockWave Medical, Inc
$35
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
$34
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
$33
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$25
Tactile Systems Technology Inc
$24
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.
$24
AngioDynamics, Inc.
$22
Vital Connect, Inc
$21
Maquet Cardiovascular U.S. Sales, L.L.C.
$20
Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$19
Allergan, Inc.
$18
Medtronic Vascular, Inc.
$17
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
$15
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
$14
Cardinal Health 200, LLC
$14
Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.
$12
BIOTRONIK INC.
$12
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$12
Top 3 companies account for 26.5% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
Acticor 7 VR-T DX · Arcalyst · BRILINTA · CAMZYOS · CARDIOSAVE · CARTO 3 · CHANTIX · Carnation Ambulatory Monitor · Carto 3 System · Confirm Rx · Corlanor · ELIQUIS · EMBLEM · ENTRESTO · Edarbi · Edarbyclor · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve · FARXIGA · Flexitouch Plus · Hillrom - Cardiac Ambulatory Monitor · INJECTAFER · Impella · JARDIANCE · Kerendia · LEQVIO · LUTONIX · LifeVest · Livalo · MULTAQ · Mozec NC PTCA Balloon · NEXLETOL · NORTHERA · NUCALA · ONPATTRO · OPSUMIT · OPSUMIT MACITENTAN · Optimizer · Ozempic · PRADAXA · PRALUENT · PRALUENT ALIROCUMAB INJECTION · Peripheral Orbital Atherectomy System · Quadra Assura CRT Defibrillator · Repatha · Reveal LINQ · Rybelsus · Saxenda · Shockwave IVL System with the Shockwave C2 Coronary IVL Catheter · THORATEC HEARTMATE 3 LVAS IMPLANT KIT · UBRELVY · VENACURE 1470 PRO · VERQUVO · VITALPATCH RTM · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · Victoza · Vyvanse · WATCHMAN · WATCHMAN Access System · XARELTO · Xience Alpine cornary stent system · ZIO Patch · ZIO XT Patch
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (98%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Cardiologists within 10 mi
42
Per 100K population
14.9
County median income
$64,354
Nearest hospital
BRIGHTWELL BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
5.4 mi
5.4 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Choo is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 29% in MI), with low-engagement industry engagement, with 19 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Choo experienced with office visit, established patient (20-29 min)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Choo performed 470 office visit, established patient (20-29 min) services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Choo receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Choo received a total of $7,436 from 53 companies across 421 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Choo's costs compare to other cardiologists in Okemos?
Dr. Choo's average Medicare payment per service is $61. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Choo) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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