Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Joshua Sunshine, M.D.
Neurology · Willoughby, OH
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Sunshine from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Sunshine
Dr. Joshua Sunshine is a neurology specialist in Willoughby, OH, with 21 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Sunshine performed 1,129 Medicare services across 834 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Sunshine received a total of $9,796 from 71 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 566 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in neurology. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Sunshine is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 21 years in practice
▲ Top 14% volume in OH
$9,796 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗1,129
Medicare services
Top 14% in OH for neurology
834
Unique beneficiaries
$102
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~54 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
418 | $123 | $280 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
291 | $82 | $210 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 114 | $151 | $390 |
| Electromyography of arm or leg muscles A test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles of the arm or leg using a needle electrode. It helps evaluate the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. |
102 | $73 | $175 |
| Office visit, established patient (20-29 min) An office visit for an existing patient lasting between 20 and 29 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
78 | $48 | $135 |
| Neuropsychological test evaluation, first hour A professional assessment of cognitive and behavioral functioning using standardized tests. This service covers the initial hour of the evaluation process. |
31 | $93 | $200 |
| Electronic psychological or neuropsychological test administration Administration of a single standardized psychological or neuropsychological test using an electronic platform that provides automated results. |
31 | $2 | $200 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 7-8 tests A series of 7 to 8 nerve conduction tests to evaluate how well nerves are sending signals to muscles. |
28 | $128 | $260 |
| Nerve conduction study, 9-10 studies A diagnostic test that measures how well nerves send electrical signals. It involves performing 9 to 10 separate nerve conduction studies to evaluate nerve function. |
22 | $155 | $314 |
| New patient office visit (45-59 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 45 and 59 minutes. This code covers the total time spent by the physician or qualified healthcare professional on the date of the encounter. |
14 | $119 | $315 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$9,796
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $1,399/year across 7 years
Top 25% in OH for neurology
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
71
Companies
566
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$9,540 (97.4%)
Speaking / Promotional
Speaker programs, honoraria, and industry-sponsored educational events
$256 (2.6%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$3,107
2023
$2,247
2022
$1,269
2021
$1,096
2020
$548
2019
$772
2018
$757
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
ABBVIE INC.
$943
UCB, Inc.
$350
PFIZER INC.
$207
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$166
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$139
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$119
ARGENX US, INC.
$110
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$108
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
$97
Eisai Inc.
$95
SK Life Science, Inc.
$91
Lilly USA, LLC
$74
EMD Serono, Inc.
$66
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$60
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$54
TG Therapeutics, Inc.
$46
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$39
Neurelis, Inc.
$38
Genentech USA, Inc.
$37
LivaNova USA, Inc.
$32
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$31
HARMONY BIOSCIENCES LLC
$31
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$29
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.
$24
Biogen, Inc.
$21
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$21
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$19
Celgene Corporation
$17
Amgen Inc.
$15
MITSUBISHI TANABE PHARMA AMERICA, INC.
$15
Grifols USA, LLC
$14
Top 3 companies account for 48.3% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
ABBVIE INC.
$1,367
UCB, Inc.
$842
AbbVie Inc.
$785
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$634
GENZYME CORPORATION
$501
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$417
PFIZER INC.
$304
Lilly USA, LLC
$301
Eisai Inc.
$286
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$253
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$245
SK Life Science, Inc.
$230
ARGENX US, INC.
$212
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$205
Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$197
EMD Serono, Inc.
$195
Lundbeck LLC
$186
Biogen, Inc.
$185
Genentech USA, Inc.
$158
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
$142
Amgen Inc.
$139
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$125
GE HEALTHCARE
$109
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$96
Biohaven Pharmaceutical Holding Company Ltd.
$90
Neurelis, Inc.
$87
TG THERAPEUTICS, INC.
$66
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$65
Almatica Pharma LLC
$61
Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$61
EISAI INC.
$61
Corium, LLC
$60
Greenwich Biosciences, Inc.
$58
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.
$55
Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$54
Acorda Therapeutics, Inc
$50
CSL Behring
$50
Celgene Corporation
$46
TG Therapeutics, Inc.
$46
Nevro Corp.
$45
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc.
$45
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$39
Bausch Health US, LLC
$34
Ironshore Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$33
LivaNova USA, Inc.
$32
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$31
HARMONY BIOSCIENCES LLC
$31
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$29
GE Healthcare
$29
Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
$28
MITSUBISHI TANABE PHARMA AMERICA, INC.
$27
Abbott Laboratories
$27
Allergan, Inc.
$25
Jazz Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$25
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc.
$24
Allergan Inc.
$24
IMPEL PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$23
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$21
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$19
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$19
Assertio Therapeutics, Inc.
$18
Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$18
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$16
Mallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc.
$15
Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$15
Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$15
DePuy Synthes Sales Inc.
$14
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc.
$14
Grifols USA, LLC
$14
Merz North America, Inc.
$13
Avion Pharmaceuticals
$13
Top 3 companies account for 30.6% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
ACTHAR · ADUHELM · AIMOVIG · AJOVY · AMYVID · APTIOM · AUBAGIO · AUSTEDO · AVONEX · Aimovig · Austedo XR · Azstarys · BOTOX · BRIUMVI · Briviact · CAMBIA · COMIRNATY · DUOPA · Dhivy · ELYXYB - celecoxib · EMBOTRAP II Revascularization Device · EMGALITY · EPIDIOLEX · Enspryng · Epidiolex · FYCOMPA · Fycompa · GILENYA · GOCOVRI · GRALISE · Gamunex-C · Glatiramer Acetate · HORIZANT · Hizentra · Horizant · INBRIJA · INFINITY · INGREZZA · JORNAY PM · KESIMPTA · LYRICA · Leqembi · MAVENCLAD · MAYZENT · MIGRANAL · Mavenclad · NAMZARIC · NAPRELAN · NORTHERA · NOURIANZ · NUEDEXTA · NUPLAZID · NURTEC ODT · Nayzilam · Nourianz · Nuedexta · OCREVUS · ONFI · OXTELLAR XR · Ocrevus · Omnia · Ongentys · PANZYGA · PAXLOVID · PURIFIED CORTROPHIN GEL · Ponvory · QELBREE · QULIPTA · RADICAVA · REXULTI · RYTARY · Radicava · Rebif · Rystiggo · SOLIRIS · SUNOSI · Soliris · TECFIDERA · TROKENDI XR · TYSABRI · Trudhesa · UBRELVY · ULTOMIRIS · VALTOCO · VNS THERAPY SENTIVA MODEL 1000 GENERATOR · VRAYLAR · VUMERITY · VYALEV · VYEPTI · VYVGART · VYVGART HYTRULO · Vimpat · WAINUA · WAKIX · XEOMIN · XYWAV · Xyrem · ZEPOSIA · ZTLido · ZTLido 30 POUCH in 1 CARTON 1 PATCH in 1 POUCH · Zilbrysq
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (97%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Neurologists within 10 mi
113
Per 100K population
48.7
County median income
$77,952
Nearest hospital
WINDSOR LAURELWOOD CENTER FOR BEHAVORIAL MEDICINE
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Sunshine is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 14% in OH), with low-engagement industry engagement, with 21 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Sunshine experienced with office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Sunshine performed 418 office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Sunshine receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Sunshine received a total of $9,796 from 71 companies across 566 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Sunshine's costs compare to other neurologists in Willoughby?
Dr. Sunshine's average Medicare payment per service is $102. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Sunshine) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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