Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Laura Ford-Mukkamala, DO
Cardiovascular Disease · Orchard Park, NY
Practice pattern: Cardiac Imaging
— Practice with significant diagnostic imaging and stress testing
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Ford-Mukkamala from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Ford-Mukkamala
Dr. Laura Ford-Mukkamala is a cardiovascular disease specialist in Orchard Park, NY, with 19 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Ford-Mukkamala performed 1,773 Medicare services across 1,464 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Ford-Mukkamala received a total of $5,049 from 30 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 315 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in cardiovascular disease. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Ford-Mukkamala is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 19 years in practice
▲ 1,773 Medicare services
$5,049 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗1,773
Medicare services
Bottom 49% in NY for cardiovascular disease
1,464
Unique beneficiaries
$50
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~93 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| EKG interpretation and report A standard electrocardiogram test that records the heart's electrical activity using at least 12 leads. The service includes a professional interpretation of the results and a written report. |
452 | $6 | $30 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report. |
164 | $8 | $40 |
| Office visit, established patient (20-29 min) An office visit for an existing patient lasting between 20 and 29 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
155 | $58 | $105 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
151 | $87 | $145 |
| Regadenoson injection (Lexiscan) for heart stress test An injection of regadenoson, a medication used to stress the heart during diagnostic testing. |
136 | $43 | $100 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function. |
120 | $139 | $400 |
| Technetium Tc-99m tetrofosmin diagnostic injection A diagnostic injection of Technetium Tc-99m tetrofosmin used for imaging studies. |
94 | $90 | $120 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram under physician supervision and review. |
57 | $47 | $165 |
| Nuclear stress test of heart muscle A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle at rest and during stress using a special camera. |
48 | $311 | $725 |
| Continuous ECG monitoring with transmission and review Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring for up to 30 days with symptom tracking. The data is transmitted and reviewed by a healthcare professional who provides a report. |
36 | $18 | $75 |
| 2-day continuous ECG with professional review A two-day continuous electrocardiogram recording that includes a review by a healthcare professional. |
31 | $14 | $63 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while an electrocardiogram is monitored under physician supervision. |
30 | $14 | $50 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram, with physician review of the results. |
30 | $9 | $75 |
| Continuous ECG monitoring with symptom tracking, up to 30 days This procedure involves continuous electrocardiogram monitoring for up to 30 days. It includes symptom monitoring to correlate heart activity with patient-reported events. |
30 | $6 | $65 |
| Remote pacemaker monitoring, 90 days Remote assessment of a pacemaker system, including single, dual, multiple lead, or leadless devices, performed up to 90 days apart. |
30 | $18 | $70 |
| New patient office visit (45-59 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 45 and 59 minutes. This code covers the total time spent by the physician or qualified healthcare professional on the date of the encounter. |
29 | $119 | $235 |
| Pacemaker programming, dual lead system Adjustment and configuration of a dual-lead pacemaker device to ensure proper operation and settings. |
24 | $52 | $125 |
| Perflutren lipid microspheres injection Injection of perflutren lipid microspheres, measured per milliliter. |
24 | $36 | $140 |
| Remote pacemaker/defibrillator monitoring, 90 days Remote evaluation of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator system within 90 days of the last check. |
23 | $16 | $60 |
| 2-day continuous ECG monitoring A continuous electrocardiogram recording that captures heart activity over a 48-hour period. This test helps detect irregular heart rhythms or other cardiac issues that may not appear during a standard, short-term ECG. |
20 | $14 | $50 |
| Evaluation of implantable heart and blood vessel monitoring system This procedure involves checking the function and data of an implanted device used to monitor heart and blood vessel activity. |
19 | $41 | $65 |
| Follow-up heart ultrasound An ultrasound of the heart performed to monitor or reassess a previously identified condition or treatment progress. |
19 | $69 | $180 |
| Aminophylline injection, up to 250 mg Administration of aminophylline medication via injection for a dose of up to 250 mg. |
17 | $8 | $25 |
| Stress echocardiogram with ECG monitoring An ultrasound of the heart performed while monitoring heart rhythm during rest, exercise, or medication-induced stress, followed by a review and report of the findings. |
12 | $164 | $450 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's blood flow, valves, and chambers. |
11 | $12 | $45 |
| Echocardiogram with color Doppler An ultrasound of the heart that uses color imaging to visualize blood flow, measure flow rate, and assess valve function. |
11 | $2 | $45 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
11.7% high complexity
27.0% medium
61.3% routine
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$5,049
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $721/year across 7 years
Top 31% in NY for cardiovascular disease
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
30
Companies
315
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$5,049 (100.0%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$674
2023
$762
2022
$587
2021
$664
2020
$458
2019
$1,060
2018
$845
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.
$196
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$87
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$78
PFIZER INC.
$46
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$44
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$40
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$34
Itamar Medical Inc
$30
CVRx, Inc.
$30
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$27
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$17
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$16
Corium, LLC
$14
SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$14
Top 3 companies account for 53.6% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Amgen Inc.
$962
PFIZER INC.
$638
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$581
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$517
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$424
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$241
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$223
Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc.
$220
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$205
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$125
Abbott Laboratories
$100
Lundbeck LLC
$92
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
$87
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$71
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$67
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$60
Boston Scientific Corporation
$55
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$55
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$48
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$41
Itamar Medical Inc
$40
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
$37
CVRx, Inc.
$30
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.
$29
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
$24
Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.
$21
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$17
Corium, LLC
$14
SCPHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$14
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
$11
Top 3 companies account for 43.2% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
AZSTARYS · Arcalyst · BRILINTA · Barostim Neo System · CAMZYOS · CHANTIX · Corlanor · Definity · ELIQUIS · ENTRESTO · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve · FARXIGA · FUROSCIX · HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Dev · Inpefa · JARDIANCE · LEQVIO · LOKELMA · LUX-DX · LifeVest · Livalo · MULTAQ · NEXLETOL · NORTHERA · OFEV · ONPATTRO · OPTIMIZER · Optimizer · PRADAXA · PRALUENT · RESONATE · Repatha · VERQUVO · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · WatchPATONE · XARELTO
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (100%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Cardiologists within 10 mi
89
Per 100K population
9.4
County median income
$71,175
Nearest hospital
WESTERN NY CHILDRENS PSYCHIATRIC CENTER
5.9 mi
5.9 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Ford-Mukkamala is a cardiac imaging specialist, with moderate Medicare volume, with low-engagement industry engagement, with 19 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Ford-Mukkamala experienced with ekg interpretation and report?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Ford-Mukkamala performed 452 ekg interpretation and report services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Ford-Mukkamala receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Ford-Mukkamala received a total of $5,049 from 30 companies across 315 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Ford-Mukkamala's costs compare to other cardiologists in Orchard Park?
Dr. Ford-Mukkamala's average Medicare payment per service is $50. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Ford-Mukkamala) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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