Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Paul Kostoulakos, D.O.
Neurology · Plainsboro, NJ
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Kostoulakos from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Kostoulakos
Dr. Paul Kostoulakos is a neurology specialist in Plainsboro, NJ, with 19 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Kostoulakos performed 2,972 Medicare services across 2,243 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Kostoulakos received a total of $15,818 from 84 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 1158 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in neurology. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Kostoulakos is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 19 years in practice
▲ Top 15% volume in NJ
$15,818 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗2,972
Medicare services
Top 15% in NJ for neurology
2,243
Unique beneficiaries
$114
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~156 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
443 | $135 | $200 |
| Initial hospital admission, high complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
431 | $143 | $625 |
| Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring, remote Remote monitoring of nerve and brain function during surgery, billed in 15-minute increments. |
337 | $27 | $225 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, moderate complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an existing patient involving moderate medical decision making. The visit requires at least 35 minutes of time spent on the date of service. |
329 | $65 | $212 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
293 | $99 | $170 |
| Electromyography of arm or leg muscles A test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles of the arm or leg using a needle electrode. It helps evaluate the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. |
190 | $84 | $201 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 157 | $174 | $400 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
122 | $99 | $362 |
| Awake and drowsy EEG A test that records electrical activity in the brain while the patient is awake and drowsy. |
113 | $317 | $419 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, low complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an established patient with straightforward or low-level medical decision making. The visit requires at least 25 minutes of time spent on the day of service. |
62 | $39 | $138 |
| Limited needle electromyography A test that measures the electrical activity in muscles of the arm, leg, trunk, or head using a needle electrode. This limited study evaluates muscle function and nerve health. |
60 | $16 | $248 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 11-12 A diagnostic test that measures how well nerves send electrical signals. It involves performing 11 to 12 separate nerve conduction studies. |
56 | $213 | $462 |
| Ultrasound of brain blood flow An ultrasound test used to examine blood flow within the brain to check for blood clots. |
55 | $140 | $350 |
| New patient office visit (45-59 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 45 and 59 minutes. This code covers the total time spent by the physician or qualified healthcare professional on the date of the encounter. |
51 | $105 | $477 |
| Initial hospital admission, moderate complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving moderate-level medical decision making, with at least 55 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
51 | $102 | $326 |
| Ultrasound of brain blood flow following medication An ultrasound test used to assess blood flow within the brain after a medication has been administered. |
49 | $191 | $325 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 13 or more A diagnostic test that measures how well nerves send electrical signals. This code applies when 13 or more individual nerve studies are performed. |
35 | $236 | $516 |
| Telephone medical discussion, 11-20 minutes A phone conversation with a physician lasting between 11 and 20 minutes. |
32 | $70 | $150 |
| Complete ultrasound of brain blood flow An ultrasound test that evaluates blood flow within the brain's blood vessels. It uses sound waves to create images of the vessels and assess circulation. |
26 | $183 | $450 |
| Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of stimulated sites on arms and legs This procedure involves placing skin electrodes and measuring stimulated sites on the arms and legs. |
17 | $37 | $1,800 |
| Central motor stimulation test of arms and legs This procedure involves placing skin electrodes on the body to measure how the central nervous system stimulates the muscles in the arms and legs. |
14 | $98 | $1,800 |
| Needle EMG of muscles on both sides of body A test that measures the electrical activity in muscles using a needle electrode. The procedure is performed on muscles located on both sides of the body. |
13 | $51 | $500 |
| Telephone medical discussion, 21-30 minutes A telephone conversation with a physician lasting between 21 and 30 minutes. This code covers the time spent discussing medical matters over the phone. |
13 | $75 | $185 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 7-8 tests A series of 7 to 8 nerve conduction tests to evaluate how well nerves are sending signals to muscles. |
12 | $151 | $325 |
| EEG, extended monitoring A test that records electrical activity in the brain while the patient is both awake and asleep. |
11 | $367 | $468 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$15,818
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $2,260/year across 7 years
Top 20% in NJ for neurology
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
84
Companies
1,158
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$15,575 (98.5%)
Speaking / Promotional
Speaker programs, honoraria, and industry-sponsored educational events
$244 (1.5%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$3,100
2023
$2,814
2022
$2,330
2021
$2,620
2020
$1,955
2019
$1,578
2018
$1,422
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
PFIZER INC.
$445
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$338
ABBVIE INC.
$318
Celgene Corporation
$242
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$166
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$150
UCB, Inc.
$148
Lilly USA, LLC
$143
Lundbeck LLC
$137
EMD Serono, Inc.
$131
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$110
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$89
Biogen, Inc.
$83
SK Life Science, Inc.
$67
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$64
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
$53
Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$51
Grifols USA, LLC
$49
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$49
Neurelis, Inc.
$46
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc
$32
Eisai Inc.
$30
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$30
Life Molecular Imaging Ltd
$27
Amgen Inc.
$27
CSL Behring
$27
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$17
ARGENX US, INC.
$17
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$15
Top 3 companies account for 35.5% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$1,301
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$1,282
UCB, Inc.
$1,217
Biogen, Inc.
$1,144
ABBVIE INC.
$860
PFIZER INC.
$713
EMD Serono, Inc.
$688
Lilly USA, LLC
$549
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$445
Amgen Inc.
$424
Lundbeck LLC
$385
Celgene Corporation
$358
Biohaven Pharmaceutical Holding Company Ltd.
$327
SK Life Science, Inc.
$324
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$290
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$287
Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$283
ARGENX US, INC.
$263
Neurelis, Inc.
$226
Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
$210
Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$195
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$190
Allergan, Inc.
$182
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$181
Eisai Inc.
$163
Genentech USA, Inc.
$149
Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$147
AbbVie Inc.
$137
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$132
Mallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc.
$108
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc.
$105
Grifols USA, LLC
$102
Novocure Inc.
$97
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$94
Corium, LLC
$91
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$89
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
$86
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
$85
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$85
Mallinckrodt Enterprises LLC
$77
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$74
Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$74
Avion Pharmaceuticals
$70
Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$70
AbbVie, Inc.
$66
Currax Pharmaceuticals LLC
$66
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
$64
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$64
Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$63
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc
$58
Horizon Therapeutics plc
$56
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$56
Medtronic USA, Inc.
$55
EISAI INC.
$54
Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$51
Allergan Inc.
$49
IMPEL PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$48
Banner Life Sciences, LLC
$47
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.
$46
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$45
AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
$41
US WorldMeds, LLC
$41
MERZ NORTH AMERICA, INC.
$35
ASSERTIO THERAPEUTICS, Inc.
$35
UPSHER-SMITH LABORATORIES LLC
$33
GE HealthCare
$31
Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$30
Acorda Therapeutics, Inc
$29
Assertio Therapeutics, Inc.
$28
Life Molecular Imaging Ltd
$27
CSL Behring
$27
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
$25
Almatica Pharma LLC
$25
GENZYME CORPORATION
$25
Medtronic, Inc.
$18
ASSERTIO THERAPEUTICS, INC.
$16
PORTOLA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$15
MDD US Operations, LLC
$14
Philips Electronics North America Corporation
$14
Zyla Life Sciences, Inc.
$13
Mallinckrodt LLC
$13
Validus Pharmaceuticals LLC
$12
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, LLC
$12
Saol Therapeutics Inc.
$12
Top 3 companies account for 24.0% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
ACTHAR · ACTIVA · ADUHELM · AIMOVIG · AJOVY · AMVUTTRA · AMYVID · ANDEXXA · APOKYN · APTIOM · AUSTEDO · AVONEX · Adlarity · Aduhelm · Aimovig · Austedo XR · BAFIERTAM · BOTOX · BRILINTA · Betaseron · Briviact · CAMBIA · COMIRNATY · CONTRAVE · COPAXONE · Cambia · DUOPA · DYSPORT · Dhivy · Duopa · Dysport · ELYXYB - CELECOXIB · EMGALITY · Equetro · FYCOMPA · Fycompa · GAMMAGARD · GILENYA · GOCOVRI · GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · Gamunex-C · HORIZANT · HYQVIA · Hizentra · Horizant · INBRIJA · INGREZZA · INTELLIS ADAPTIVESTIM · KESIMPTA · KYNMOBI · LEMTRADA · Leqembi · MAVENCLAD · MAYZENT · MYOBLOC · Mavenclad · Motpoly XR · NAMZARIC · NAPRELAN · NEURACEQ · NORTHERA · NOURIANZ · NUEDEXTA · NUPLAZID · NURTEC ODT · Nayzilam · Neupro · Nourianz · OCREVUS · OCTAGAM IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HUMAN) · ONFI · ONZETRA XSAIL · Ocrevus · Optune · PANZYGA · PAXLOVID · PLEGRIDY · Ponvory · QALSODY · QULIPTA · RELYVRIO · REXULTI · RYTARY · Rebif · Rystiggo · SKYCLARYS · SOLIRIS · SPINRAZA · SPRIX · SYMPAZAN · Soliris · Spritam · TECFIDERA · TOSYMRA · TROKENDI XR · TYSABRI · Trudhesa · UBRELVY · ULTOMIRIS · UPLIZNA · VALTOCO · VUMERITY · VYEPTI · VYVGART · VYVGART HYTRULO · Vimpat · WAINUA · XCOPRI · XEOMIN · Xadago · ZEPOSIA · ZTLido · Zinbryta · inCourage
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (98%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Neurologists within 10 mi
150
Per 100K population
17.4
County median income
$109,028
Nearest hospital
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER OF PRINCETON AT PLAINSBORO
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Kostoulakos is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 15% in NJ), with low-engagement industry engagement in the top 20% of NJ peers, with 19 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Kostoulakos experienced with office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Kostoulakos performed 443 office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Kostoulakos receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Kostoulakos received a total of $15,818 from 84 companies across 1,158 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Kostoulakos's costs compare to other neurologists in Plainsboro?
Dr. Kostoulakos's average Medicare payment per service is $114. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Kostoulakos) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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