Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Paul Kostoulakos, D.O.
Neurology · Plainsboro, NJ
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Kostoulakos from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Kostoulakos
Dr. Paul Kostoulakos is a neurology specialist in Plainsboro, NJ, with 19 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Kostoulakos performed 3,303 Medicare services in 2023. These records do not provide a deduplicated patient total.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Kostoulakos received a total of $15,818 from 84 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 1158 payment records. A record can group multiple payments. These transfers are publicly reported through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their effect on care. A reliable breakdown by payment category is not available in this snapshot. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Kostoulakos is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 19 years of NPI registration
▲ Top 15% volume in NJ
$15,818 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary — 2023
Medicare Utilization ↗3,303
Medicare services
Top 15% in NJ for neurology
Not available
Unique patients (not deduplicated)
$110
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
463 | $134 | $206 |
| Initial hospital admission, high complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
431 | $143 | $625 |
| Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring, remote Remote monitoring of nerve and brain function during surgery, billed in 15-minute increments. |
337 | $27 | $225 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, moderate complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an existing patient involving moderate medical decision making. The visit requires at least 35 minutes of time spent on the date of service. |
329 | $65 | $212 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
323 | $97 | $183 |
| Awake and drowsy EEG A test that records electrical activity in the brain while the patient is awake and drowsy. |
305 | $146 | $371 |
| Electromyography of arm or leg muscles A test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles of the arm or leg using a needle electrode. It helps evaluate the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. |
215 | $79 | $195 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 207 | $168 | $426 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
122 | $99 | $362 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, low complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an established patient with straightforward or low-level medical decision making. The visit requires at least 25 minutes of time spent on the day of service. |
62 | $39 | $138 |
| Limited needle electromyography A test that measures the electrical activity in muscles of the arm, leg, trunk, or head using a needle electrode. This limited study evaluates muscle function and nerve health. |
60 | $16 | $248 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 11-12 A diagnostic test that measures how well nerves send electrical signals. It involves performing 11 to 12 separate nerve conduction studies. |
56 | $213 | $462 |
| Ultrasound of brain blood flow An ultrasound test used to examine blood flow within the brain to check for blood clots. |
55 | $140 | $350 |
| New patient office visit (45-59 min) An initial office visit for a new patient lasting between 45 and 59 minutes. This code covers the total time spent by the physician or qualified healthcare professional on the date of the encounter. |
51 | $105 | $477 |
| Initial hospital admission, moderate complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving moderate-level medical decision making, with at least 55 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
51 | $102 | $326 |
| Ultrasound of brain blood flow following medication An ultrasound test used to assess blood flow within the brain after a medication has been administered. |
49 | $191 | $325 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 13 or more A diagnostic test that measures how well nerves send electrical signals. This code applies when 13 or more individual nerve studies are performed. |
35 | $236 | $516 |
| Telephone medical discussion, 11-20 minutes A phone conversation with a physician lasting between 11 and 20 minutes. |
32 | $70 | $150 |
| Complete ultrasound of brain blood flow An ultrasound test that evaluates blood flow within the brain's blood vessels. It uses sound waves to create images of the vessels and assess circulation. |
26 | $183 | $450 |
| EEG, extended monitoring A test that records electrical activity in the brain while the patient is both awake and asleep. |
25 | $188 | $436 |
| Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of stimulated sites on arms and legs This procedure involves placing skin electrodes and measuring stimulated sites on the arms and legs. |
17 | $37 | $1,800 |
| Central motor stimulation test of arms and legs This procedure involves placing skin electrodes on the body to measure how the central nervous system stimulates the muscles in the arms and legs. |
14 | $98 | $1,800 |
| Needle EMG of muscles on both sides of body A test that measures the electrical activity in muscles using a needle electrode. The procedure is performed on muscles located on both sides of the body. |
13 | $51 | $500 |
| Telephone medical discussion, 21-30 minutes A telephone conversation with a physician lasting between 21 and 30 minutes. This code covers the time spent discussing medical matters over the phone. |
13 | $75 | $185 |
| Nerve conduction studies, 7-8 tests A series of 7 to 8 nerve conduction tests to evaluate how well nerves are sending signals to muscles. |
12 | $151 | $325 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. These counts do not measure clinical quality or years of experience.
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$15,818
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $2,260/year across 7 years
Top 20% in NJ for neurology
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
84
Companies
1,158
Payment records
Payments are publicly reported; disclosure does not establish legality · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment categories are unavailable while the source breakdown is being rebuilt. Company and year totals do not identify how much belongs to each category.
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$3,100
2023
$2,814
2022
$2,330
2021
$2,620
2020
$1,955
2019
$1,578
2018
$1,422
Payments by company (2024)
PFIZER INC.
$445
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$338
ABBVIE INC.
$318
Celgene Corporation
$242
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$166
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$150
UCB, Inc.
$148
Lilly USA, LLC
$143
Lundbeck LLC
$137
EMD Serono, Inc.
$131
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$110
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$89
Biogen, Inc.
$83
SK Life Science, Inc.
$67
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$64
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
$53
Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$51
Grifols USA, LLC
$49
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$49
Neurelis, Inc.
$46
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc
$32
Eisai Inc.
$30
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$30
Life Molecular Imaging Ltd
$27
Amgen Inc.
$27
CSL Behring
$27
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$17
ARGENX US, INC.
$17
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$15
Top 3 companies account for 35.5% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
$1,301
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$1,282
UCB, Inc.
$1,217
Biogen, Inc.
$1,144
ABBVIE INC.
$860
PFIZER INC.
$713
EMD Serono, Inc.
$688
Lilly USA, LLC
$549
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$445
Amgen Inc.
$424
Lundbeck LLC
$385
Celgene Corporation
$358
Biohaven Pharmaceutical Holding Company Ltd.
$327
SK Life Science, Inc.
$324
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$290
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc
$287
Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$283
ARGENX US, INC.
$263
Neurelis, Inc.
$226
Kyowa Kirin, Inc.
$210
Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$195
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$190
Allergan, Inc.
$182
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
$181
Eisai Inc.
$163
Genentech USA, Inc.
$149
Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$147
AbbVie Inc.
$137
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$132
Mallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc.
$108
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc.
$105
Grifols USA, LLC
$102
Novocure Inc.
$97
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$94
Corium, LLC
$91
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$89
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
$86
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
$85
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$85
Mallinckrodt Enterprises LLC
$77
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$74
Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$74
Avion Pharmaceuticals
$70
Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$70
AbbVie, Inc.
$66
Currax Pharmaceuticals LLC
$66
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
$64
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$64
Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$63
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc
$58
Horizon Therapeutics plc
$56
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$56
Medtronic USA, Inc.
$55
EISAI INC.
$54
Aucta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$51
Allergan Inc.
$49
IMPEL PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
$48
Banner Life Sciences, LLC
$47
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.
$46
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$45
AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
$41
US WorldMeds, LLC
$41
MERZ NORTH AMERICA, INC.
$35
ASSERTIO THERAPEUTICS, Inc.
$35
UPSHER-SMITH LABORATORIES LLC
$33
GE HealthCare
$31
Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$30
Acorda Therapeutics, Inc
$29
Assertio Therapeutics, Inc.
$28
Life Molecular Imaging Ltd
$27
CSL Behring
$27
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
$25
Almatica Pharma LLC
$25
GENZYME CORPORATION
$25
Medtronic, Inc.
$18
ASSERTIO THERAPEUTICS, INC.
$16
PORTOLA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$15
MDD US Operations, LLC
$14
Philips Electronics North America Corporation
$14
Zyla Life Sciences, Inc.
$13
Mallinckrodt LLC
$13
Validus Pharmaceuticals LLC
$12
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, LLC
$12
Saol Therapeutics Inc.
$12
Top 3 companies account for 24.0% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
ACTHAR · ACTIVA · ADUHELM · AIMOVIG · AJOVY · AMVUTTRA · AMYVID · ANDEXXA · APOKYN · APTIOM · AUSTEDO · AVONEX · Adlarity · Aduhelm · Aimovig · Austedo XR · BAFIERTAM · BOTOX · BRILINTA · Betaseron · Briviact · CAMBIA · COMIRNATY · CONTRAVE · COPAXONE · Cambia · DUOPA · DYSPORT · Dhivy · Duopa · Dysport · ELYXYB - CELECOXIB · EMGALITY · Equetro · FYCOMPA · Fycompa · GAMMAGARD · GILENYA · GOCOVRI · GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · Gamunex-C · HORIZANT · HYQVIA · Hizentra · Horizant · INBRIJA · INGREZZA · INTELLIS ADAPTIVESTIM · KESIMPTA · KYNMOBI · LEMTRADA · Leqembi · MAVENCLAD · MAYZENT · MYOBLOC · Mavenclad · Motpoly XR · NAMZARIC · NAPRELAN · NEURACEQ · NORTHERA · NOURIANZ · NUEDEXTA · NUPLAZID · NURTEC ODT · Nayzilam · Neupro · Nourianz · OCREVUS · OCTAGAM IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HUMAN) · ONFI · ONZETRA XSAIL · Ocrevus · Optune · PANZYGA · PAXLOVID · PLEGRIDY · Ponvory · QALSODY · QULIPTA · RELYVRIO · REXULTI · RYTARY · Rebif · Rystiggo · SKYCLARYS · SOLIRIS · SPINRAZA · SPRIX · SYMPAZAN · Soliris · Spritam · TECFIDERA · TOSYMRA · TROKENDI XR · TYSABRI · Trudhesa · UBRELVY · ULTOMIRIS · UPLIZNA · VALTOCO · VUMERITY · VYEPTI · VYVGART · VYVGART HYTRULO · Vimpat · WAINUA · XCOPRI · XEOMIN · Xadago · ZEPOSIA · ZTLido · Zinbryta · inCourage
Should you be concerned? Industry payments are disclosed through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their purpose, legality, or effect on care. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Geographic Context
Neurologists in nearby ZIP areas
150
County median income
$109,028
Nearest hospital to ZIP centroid (approximate)
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER OF PRINCETON AT PLAINSBORO
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | NPPES snapshot; verify current record |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | PECOS snapshot |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not included | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Kostoulakos is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 15% in NJ), with 19 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Kostoulakos experienced with office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Kostoulakos performed 463 office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) services. These records cover Medicare fee-for-service activity, including eligible younger beneficiaries; they do not measure total practice volume or clinical quality.
Does Dr. Kostoulakos receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Kostoulakos received a total of $15,818 from 84 companies across 1,158 payment records. A record can group multiple payments. These transfers are publicly disclosed through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their legality or effect on care. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Kostoulakos's costs compare to other neurologists in Plainsboro?
Dr. Kostoulakos's average Medicare payment per service is $110. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Kostoulakos) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating the presence of registry, enrollment, activity or payment records, not verified experience or clinical quality. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Source publication dates and the snapshots loaded on this site can differ. Rebuilding a page does not refresh its source records. Check the Medicare reporting year and the payment interval shown above; consult the linked official sources for newer releases and current registry details. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
This page combines public CMS records with calculated summaries and explanatory procedure labels. These transformations are not verbatim federal records. Sources: NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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