Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Edward Choi, M.D.
Cardiovascular Disease · Neptune, NJ
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Choi from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Choi
Dr. Edward Choi is a cardiovascular disease specialist in Neptune, NJ, with 20 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Choi performed 8,112 Medicare services across 4,599 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Choi received a total of $12,814 from 45 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 714 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in cardiovascular disease. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Choi is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 20 years in practice
▲ Top 4% volume in NJ
$12,814 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗8,112
Medicare services
Top 4% in NJ for cardiovascular disease
4,599
Unique beneficiaries
$86
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~406 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report. |
1,686 | $12 | $35 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
1,113 | $99 | $150 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, moderate complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an existing patient involving moderate medical decision making. The visit requires at least 35 minutes of time spent on the date of service. |
955 | $67 | $100 |
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
861 | $142 | $198 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
636 | $100 | $128 |
| EKG interpretation and report A standard electrocardiogram test that records the heart's electrical activity using at least 12 leads. The service includes a professional interpretation of the results and a written report. |
491 | $7 | $30 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function. |
268 | $163 | $375 |
| Remote cardiac rhythm monitor evaluation, up to 30 days Review and analysis of data from a remote cardiac rhythm monitoring system over a period of up to 30 days. |
260 | $20 | $30 |
| Initial hospital admission, high complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
206 | $146 | $225 |
| Ultrasound of head and neck blood flow, bilateral An ultrasound exam that uses sound waves to visualize and assess blood flow in the vessels of both the head and the neck. |
138 | $163 | $260 |
| Regadenoson injection (Lexiscan) for heart stress test An injection of regadenoson, a medication used to stress the heart during diagnostic testing. |
121 | $46 | $61 |
| 30-day continuous ECG with patient-triggered event transmission and review This procedure involves continuous electrocardiogram monitoring for up to 30 days, including the transmission of patient-triggered events. A healthcare professional reviews the data and provides a report. |
107 | $751 | $1,053 |
| Remote pacemaker/defibrillator monitoring, 90 days Remote evaluation of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator system within 90 days of the last check. |
102 | $19 | $30 |
| Nuclear stress test with CT scan A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow in the heart muscle at rest and during stress, performed alongside a concurrent CT scan. |
86 | $74 | $100 |
| PET scan of heart muscle blood flow A nuclear medicine imaging test that uses positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate blood flow within the heart muscle. |
86 | $24 | $35 |
| Remote monitoring of implantable heart rhythm device Evaluation of data transmitted remotely from an implantable cardiovascular monitor, such as a loop recorder or subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor, over a period up to 30 days. |
86 | $34 | $43 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram, with physician review of the results. |
85 | $12 | $16 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram under physician supervision and review. |
81 | $55 | $115 |
| Sedation by physician, initial 15 minutes Administration of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by the physician performing a procedure. This code covers the initial 15 minutes of sedation for patients aged 5 years or older. |
78 | $10 | $58 |
| Remote pacemaker monitoring, 90 days Remote assessment of a pacemaker system, including single, dual, multiple lead, or leadless devices, performed up to 90 days apart. |
75 | $23 | $36 |
| Ultrasound of arm or leg veins An ultrasound exam of the veins in the arm or leg. The test uses sound waves to check blood flow and may include compression and other maneuvers. |
54 | $169 | $230 |
| Ultrasound of leg arteries at rest and after exercise This test uses sound waves to create images of the blood vessels in the legs while the patient is resting and after physical activity to assess blood flow. |
52 | $136 | $194 |
| Ultrasound of leg arteries or grafts An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the blood vessels in the legs or any surgical grafts present. |
47 | $215 | $293 |
| Telephone medical discussion, 11-20 minutes A phone conversation with a physician lasting between 11 and 20 minutes. |
46 | $60 | $101 |
| Nuclear stress test of heart muscle A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle at rest and during stress using a special camera. |
44 | $384 | $600 |
| Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi diagnostic injection A diagnostic injection of technetium Tc-99m sestamibi used for imaging studies. |
44 | $70 | $92 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 43 | $189 | $350 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 41 | $171 | $223 |
| Heart muscle strain imaging | 38 | $33 | $46 |
| Ultrasound of arm and leg arteries This procedure uses sound waves to create images of the blood vessels in the arms and legs. It allows healthcare providers to examine the structure and blood flow within these arteries. |
35 | $69 | $150 |
| Remote evaluation of implantable defibrillator system Remote assessment of a single, dual, or multiple lead implantable defibrillator system within 90 days of the previous evaluation. |
27 | $27 | $73 |
| Coronary stent placement A procedure to insert a stent into a coronary artery or its branch to keep it open, using balloon dilation during the process. |
20 | $486 | $648 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while an electrocardiogram is monitored under physician supervision. |
20 | $18 | $24 |
| Pacemaker system evaluation Assessment of a pacemaker device, including single, dual, multiple lead, or leadless systems. |
20 | $24 | $62 |
| Ultrasound-guided injection into a single leg vein A chemical agent is injected into one incompetent vein in the leg while using ultrasound to guide the needle placement. |
17 | $1,175 | $1,743 |
| Complete ultrasound of aorta, vena cava, groin vessels or bypass grafts A complete ultrasound exam of the aorta, vena cava, groin vessels, or bypass grafts. This imaging test uses sound waves to visualize these blood vessels. |
17 | $161 | $350 |
| Implantable defibrillator system check A check of the implanted defibrillator device to ensure it is functioning correctly. This evaluation covers single, dual, or multiple lead systems. |
14 | $40 | $82 |
| Intravascular ultrasound of heart vessel, initial An ultrasound procedure used to evaluate a blood vessel within the heart during a diagnostic or treatment procedure. |
12 | $60 | $104 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
7.2% high complexity
10.8% medium
82.0% routine
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$12,814
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $1,831/year across 7 years
Top 16% in NJ for cardiovascular disease
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
45
Companies
714
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$12,814 (100.0%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$1,447
2023
$1,676
2022
$1,782
2021
$2,581
2020
$1,018
2019
$2,575
2018
$1,734
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Amgen Inc.
$236
Medtronic, Inc.
$166
Novo Nordisk Inc
$163
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$153
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$145
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$137
PFIZER INC.
$60
Boston Scientific Corporation
$57
HEARTFLOW, INC.
$53
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$46
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$30
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$30
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$29
Tactile Systems Technology Inc
$26
Abbott Laboratories
$25
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$21
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$18
CVRx, Inc.
$17
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$17
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$16
Top 3 companies account for 39.1% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Abbott Laboratories
$3,603
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$1,093
Amgen Inc.
$889
Boston Scientific Corporation
$630
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$592
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$591
PFIZER INC.
$581
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$517
Novo Nordisk Inc
$497
Medtronic, Inc.
$455
ABIOMED
$448
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$340
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$301
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$300
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
$236
CVRx, Inc.
$233
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
$146
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$132
Biocompatibles, Inc.
$125
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$97
Medtronic Vascular, Inc.
$97
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$79
iRhythm Technologies, Inc.
$65
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
$59
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$57
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.
$55
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
$54
HEARTFLOW, INC.
$53
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$46
Philips Electronics North America Corporation
$46
PORTOLA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$44
HeartFlow, Inc.
$42
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
$37
Astellas Pharma US Inc
$30
BIOTRONIK INC.
$29
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.
$28
Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
$27
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$27
Tactile Systems Technology Inc
$26
AngioDynamics, Inc.
$25
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$21
ShockWave Medical, Inc
$19
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$16
Medicure Pharma Inc.
$15
Lundbeck LLC
$11
Top 3 companies account for 43.6% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
(5050) Ext Holter · (5050) Extended Holter · AMVUTTRA · ANDEXXA · AVEIR · Adempas · Alere i · Arcalyst · Asahi Fielder coronary guide wire · BIOMONITOR · BRILINTA · Barostim Neo System · Bidil · CAMZYOS · CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · CARDIOMEMS · COMET · CONFIRM RX · CardioMEMS HF System · Confirm Rx · Corlanor · Coronary Orbital Atherectomy System · ELIQUIS · ENTRESTO · EVKEEZA · Edarbi · Edarbyclor · Endurant · FARXIGA · FFRct · Flexitouch Plus · GENERAL ULTRASOUND · GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · General - Ultrasound · HeartMate · Impella · JARDIANCE · Kerendia · LEQVIO · LEXISCAN · LUX-Dx Insertable Cardiac Monitor · LifeVest · Livalo · MICRA · MITRACLIP · MULTAQ · NEXLETOL · NORTHERA · ONYX FRONTIER · OPTIS · Optis Coronary Imaging System · Ozempic · PRADAXA · PRALUENT · PRALUENT ALIROCUMAB INJECTION · Pacemakers · Perclose ProGlide suture mediated closure system · PressureWire FFR · Quadra Assura CRT Defibrillator · RESONATE · RESONATE EL ICD VR · RYBELSUS · Repatha · Resolute · Rotablator Rotational Atherectomy System Console Kit · Rybelsus · SHOCKWAVE IVL SYSTEM WITH THE SHOCKWAVE C2 CORONARY IVL CATHETER · SQRX PULSE GENERATOR · SYMPLICITY G3 · Supera peripheral stent system · VARITHENA · VENACURE 1470 PRO · VERQUVO · VIGILANT · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · WATCHMAN · WATCHMAN FLX · Wegovy · XARELTO · XIENCE SIERRA · Xience Alpine cornary stent system · Xience Sierra Coronary Stent · Xience Sierra Coronary Stent System · Xience cornary stent systems · ZIO Patch · ZIO XT Patch · ZYPITAMAG
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (100%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Cardiologists within 10 mi
147
Per 100K population
22.8
County median income
$122,727
Nearest hospital
MONMOUTH MEDICAL CENTER
7.4 mi
7.4 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Choi is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 4% in NJ), with low-engagement industry engagement in the top 16% of NJ peers, with 20 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Choi experienced with electrocardiogram (ekg), 12-lead?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Choi performed 1,686 electrocardiogram (ekg), 12-lead services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Choi receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Choi received a total of $12,814 from 45 companies across 714 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Choi's costs compare to other cardiologists in Neptune?
Dr. Choi's average Medicare payment per service is $86. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Choi) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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