Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Howard Snapper, M.D.
Nuclear Medicine · Woodstock, GA
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Snapper from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Snapper
Dr. Howard Snapper is a nuclear medicine specialist in Woodstock, GA, with 20 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Snapper performed 1,844 Medicare services in 2023. These records do not provide a deduplicated patient total.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Snapper received a total of $40,301 from 41 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 486 payment records. A record can group multiple payments. These transfers are publicly reported through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their effect on care. A reliable breakdown by payment category is not available in this snapshot. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Snapper is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 20 years of NPI registration
▲ Top 33% volume in GA
$40,301 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary — 2023
Medicare Utilization ↗1,844
Medicare services
Top 33% in GA for nuclear medicine
Not available
Unique patients (not deduplicated)
$59
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
407 | $87 | $282 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report. |
221 | $11 | $58 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function. |
216 | $53 | $233 |
| Prothrombin time test (blood clotting) A laboratory test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot. This procedure evaluates the body's coagulation process. |
174 | $4 | $20 |
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
134 | $124 | $381 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, moderate complexity Follow-up hospital visit for an existing patient involving moderate medical decision making. The visit requires at least 35 minutes of time spent on the date of service. |
115 | $63 | $177 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while an electrocardiogram is monitored under physician supervision. |
98 | $16 | $58 |
| Initial hospital admission, high complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
93 | $136 | $457 |
| Office visit for established patient An office visit for an existing patient that may not require the healthcare professional to be present. |
72 | $14 | $51 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram, with physician review of the results. |
55 | $11 | $46 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 54 | $154 | $483 |
| Nuclear stress test of heart muscle A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle at rest and during stress using a special camera. |
50 | $56 | $259 |
| Autonomic nervous system testing with tilt This test evaluates the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It involves monitoring the patient for at least five minutes while they are tilted. |
43 | $114 | $384 |
| Follow-up heart ultrasound An ultrasound of the heart performed to monitor or reassess a previously identified condition or treatment progress. |
29 | $20 | $94 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
29 | $96 | $254 |
| EKG interpretation and report A standard electrocardiogram test that records the heart's electrical activity using at least 12 leads. The service includes a professional interpretation of the results and a written report. |
19 | $7 | $26 |
| Echocardiogram with color Doppler An ultrasound of the heart that uses color imaging to visualize blood flow, measure flow rate, and assess valve function. |
18 | $2 | $18 |
| Follow-up ultrasound of heart blood flow, valves and chambers An ultrasound exam that follows up on the heart's blood flow, valves, and chambers. It uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. |
17 | $6 | $20 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. These counts do not measure clinical quality or years of experience.
12.6% high complexity
13.6% medium
73.8% routine
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$40,301
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $5,757/year across 7 years
Top 12% in GA for nuclear medicine
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
41
Companies
486
Payment records
Payments are publicly reported; disclosure does not establish legality · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment categories are unavailable while the source breakdown is being rebuilt. Company and year totals do not identify how much belongs to each category.
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$1,193
2023
$1,168
2022
$908
2021
$493
2020
$6,573
2019
$14,834
2018
$15,132
Payments by company (2024)
Medtronic, Inc.
$227
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$193
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$110
Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
$88
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$82
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$82
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$79
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$77
PFIZER INC.
$54
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$44
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$29
United Therapeutics Corporation
$24
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$23
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$22
Boston Scientific Corporation
$21
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$21
Novo Nordisk Inc
$17
Top 3 companies account for 44.5% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Lundbeck LLC
$26,058
Akcea Therapeutics, Inc.
$5,863
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$1,460
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$1,002
Amgen Inc.
$585
PFIZER INC.
$451
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$408
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$406
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$377
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$343
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
$257
Medtronic, Inc.
$255
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$246
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$229
Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.
$222
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
$206
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$198
ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$185
United Therapeutics Corporation
$170
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$164
HeartFlow, Inc.
$143
AtriCure, Inc.
$132
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
$124
CVRx, Inc.
$121
Abbott Laboratories
$117
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$106
Boston Scientific Corporation
$95
Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
$88
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.
$53
Medtronic Vascular, Inc.
$30
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
$28
Daxor Corporation
$26
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc
$22
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$21
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$20
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$19
Novo Nordisk Inc
$17
ARALEZ PHARMACEUTICALS US INC.
$17
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
$16
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$12
Allergan Inc.
$12
Top 3 companies account for 82.8% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
AMVUTTRA · Adempas · Arcalyst · BRILINTA · BVA-100 · BYSTOLIC · Barostim Neo System · Bidil · CAMZYOS · CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · CHANTIX · CRT-Ps · Corlanor · ELIQUIS · ENTRESTO · EPI-SENSE GUIDED COAGULATION SYSTEM WITH VISITRAX · Edarbi · Edarbyclor · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve · FFRct · FIRDAPSE · GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · INSPIRE · INVOKANA · Inpefa · JARDIANCE · Kerendia · LEQVIO · LifeVest · Livalo · MITRACLIP · MULTAQ · NEXLETOL · NORTHERA · ONGLYZA · ONPATTRO · ONYX FRONTIER · OPSUMIT · ORENITRAM · Ozempic · PRADAXA · PRALUENT · PRALUENT ALIROCUMAB INJECTION · RESONATE · Repatha · Resolute · SYMPLICITY G3 · TEGSEDI · TYVASO · UPTRAVI · VERQUVO · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · WAINUA · WATCHMAN · WATCHMAN FLX · WINREVAIR · XARELTO · ZONTIVITY
Should you be concerned? Industry payments are disclosed through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their purpose, legality, or effect on care. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Geographic Context
Nuclear medicines in nearby ZIP areas
1
County median income
$105,442
Nearest hospital to ZIP centroid (approximate)
NORTHSIDE HOSPITAL CHEROKEE
11.5 mi
11.5 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | NPPES snapshot; verify current record |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | PECOS snapshot |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not included | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Snapper is a clinical cardiology specialist, with moderate Medicare volume, with 20 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Snapper experienced with office visit, established patient (30-39 min)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Snapper performed 407 office visit, established patient (30-39 min) services. These records cover Medicare fee-for-service activity, including eligible younger beneficiaries; they do not measure total practice volume or clinical quality.
Does Dr. Snapper receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Snapper received a total of $40,301 from 41 companies across 486 payment records. A record can group multiple payments. These transfers are publicly disclosed through CMS Open Payments. Disclosure alone does not establish their legality or effect on care. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Snapper's costs compare to other nuclear medicines in Woodstock?
Dr. Snapper's average Medicare payment per service is $59. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Snapper) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating the presence of registry, enrollment, activity or payment records, not verified experience or clinical quality. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Source publication dates and the snapshots loaded on this site can differ. Rebuilding a page does not refresh its source records. Check the Medicare reporting year and the payment interval shown above; consult the linked official sources for newer releases and current registry details. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
This page combines public CMS records with calculated summaries and explanatory procedure labels. These transformations are not verbatim federal records. Sources: NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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