Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Caroline Kedem, M.D.
Radiation Oncology · Vero Beach, FL
Practice pattern: Mixed Practice
— Diverse clinical practice across multiple procedure types
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Kedem from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
Are you Dr. Kedem?
Request a correction or review of any data shown here. Provider portal →
What this data tells you about Dr. Kedem
Dr. Caroline Kedem is a radiation oncology specialist in Vero Beach, FL, with 20 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Kedem performed 113,220 Medicare services across 18,476 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Kedem received a total of $358 from 2 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 6 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in radiation oncology. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Kedem is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. This is not a quality rating. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 20 years in practice
▲ Top 1% volume in FL
$358 industry payments
Florida License Status
FL DOH · MQA1
Active license
None
Board action on record
0
Recent admin complaints
| Profession | License # | Status | Expires | Board Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Doctor | 90433 | Clear | January 31, 2028 | — |
Data from Florida Department of Health Medical Quality Assurance.
License records are public under Chapter 119, Florida Statutes.
Verify directly on FL DOH →
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗113,220
Medicare services
Top 1% in FL for radiation oncology
18,476
Unique beneficiaries
$12
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · Not a quality rating · How to read this →
~5,661 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI contrast dye injection (gadoterate) Administration of gadoterate meglumine, a contrast agent, in a 0.1 ml dose. |
75,202 | $0 | $1 |
| Contrast dye for imaging (iodine-based) A contrast agent containing 300-399 mg/ml of iodine used to enhance imaging studies. It is administered per milliliter to improve the visibility of internal structures. |
19,832 | $0 | $4 |
| Screening mammography An X-ray of the breast used to detect breast cancer in women who have no signs or symptoms of the disease. |
3,289 | $101 | $447 |
| 3D screening mammography (tomosynthesis) A screening imaging test of the breast using 3D technology to detect potential abnormalities. |
2,786 | $30 | $148 |
| Bone density scan (DEXA) A test that uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone mineral density in the hip, pelvis, and spine. It helps assess bone strength and risk of fractures. |
1,707 | $36 | $212 |
| CT scan of chest, without contrast A computed tomography scan of the chest area that uses X-rays to create detailed images without the use of contrast dye. |
1,022 | $66 | $746 |
| Chest X-ray, 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the chest that captures two different angles to visualize the lungs, heart, and chest wall. |
824 | $19 | $93 |
| Complete breast ultrasound, 1 breast A complete ultrasound examination of one breast to visualize internal structures. |
565 | $81 | $290 |
| Diagnostic mammography of 1 breast An X-ray examination of one breast to evaluate specific breast symptoms or abnormalities. |
395 | $87 | $419 |
| MRI of lower spine, without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the lower spinal canal that does not use contrast dye to create detailed images of the spine. |
380 | $101 | $1,206 |
| Digital breast tomosynthesis (3D mammogram) A specialized imaging test that creates three-dimensional pictures of the breast tissue to help detect abnormalities. |
375 | $38 | $174 |
| MRI of brain with and without contrast An MRI scan of the brain using contrast dye both before and after administration to provide detailed images of brain structures. |
283 | $173 | $1,890 |
| Diagnostic mammography of both breasts | 282 | $108 | $527 |
| CT scan of leg, without contrast A computed tomography scan of the leg performed without the use of contrast dye. This imaging test uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the leg's internal structures. |
243 | $69 | $646 |
| Ultrasound of head and neck soft tissue This procedure uses sound waves to create images of the soft tissues in the head and neck area. It allows for the visualization of structures beneath the skin without using radiation. |
231 | $68 | $278 |
| CT scan of abdomen and pelvis, without contrast A computed tomography scan that creates detailed images of the abdominal and pelvic organs. The procedure is performed without the use of intravenous contrast dye. |
210 | $86 | $814 |
| CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast A CT scan that uses dye to create detailed images of the abdomen and pelvis. This imaging test helps doctors examine internal organs and structures in these areas. |
200 | $184 | $838 |
| X-ray of lower and sacral spine, minimum of 4 views An X-ray imaging test of the lower back and sacrum using at least four different angles to visualize the bones and joints. |
193 | $31 | $146 |
| MRI of upper spine without contrast An MRI scan of the upper spinal canal that does not use contrast dye. This imaging test uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed pictures of the spine. |
179 | $91 | $1,206 |
| MRI scan of brain, without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging test of the brain that does not use contrast dye. This procedure creates detailed images of the brain's structure using magnetic fields and radio waves. |
178 | $107 | $1,206 |
| CT scan of head/brain, without contrast A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the head or brain without the use of contrast dye. |
176 | $53 | $622 |
| MRI of abdomen with and without contrast An MRI scan of the abdomen using contrast dye before and after administration to create detailed images of internal structures. |
170 | $201 | $1,880 |
| X-ray of lower and sacral spine, 2-3 views An X-ray imaging test that captures 2 to 3 views of the lower back and sacral spine to visualize the bones and joints in this area. |
153 | $24 | $129 |
| CT scan of chest with contrast A computed tomography scan of the chest using a contrast dye to enhance the visibility of internal structures. |
142 | $72 | $896 |
| Hip X-ray, 2-3 views An X-ray imaging test of the hip joint using two to three different angles to visualize the bones and surrounding structures. |
138 | $29 | $188 |
| MRI of pelvis with and without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvic area performed both before and after the administration of a contrast dye to enhance image detail. |
136 | $188 | $1,880 |
| Limited abdominal ultrasound A focused ultrasound examination of the abdomen to evaluate specific organs or areas. This procedure uses sound waves to create images of internal structures. |
134 | $48 | $216 |
| CT scan of lower spine, without contrast A computed tomography scan that creates detailed images of the lower spine using X-rays without the use of contrast dye. |
130 | $65 | $803 |
| Complete ultrasound of abdomen A diagnostic imaging test that uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the organs and structures within the abdomen. |
129 | $63 | $294 |
| MRI of leg joint, without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of a joint in the leg performed without the use of contrast dye. |
119 | $113 | $1,206 |
| Ultrasound of head and neck blood flow, bilateral An ultrasound exam that uses sound waves to visualize and assess blood flow in the vessels of both the head and the neck. |
115 | $123 | $502 |
| Limited retroperitoneal ultrasound A focused ultrasound exam of the area behind the abdominal cavity to evaluate specific structures. |
107 | $25 | $216 |
| CT scan of neck soft tissue with contrast A computed tomography scan that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of the soft tissues in the neck. |
105 | $96 | $814 |
| Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound An ultrasound exam using a probe inserted into the vagina to image the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and surrounding pelvic structures. |
97 | $70 | $238 |
| Knee X-ray, 1-2 views An X-ray imaging test of the knee joint using one to two different angles to visualize the bones and surrounding structures. |
96 | $21 | $74 |
| Foot X-ray, 3+ views An X-ray imaging test of the foot that captures at least three different views to evaluate the bones and joints. |
96 | $21 | $85 |
| Shoulder X-ray, 2+ views An X-ray imaging test of the shoulder joint using at least two different angles to visualize the bones and surrounding structures. |
95 | $21 | $86 |
| MRI of arm joint, without contrast An MRI scan uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the arm joint. This specific procedure is performed without the use of a contrast dye. |
95 | $116 | $1,206 |
| X-ray of upper spine, 4-5 views An X-ray imaging test of the upper spine using 4 to 5 different views to visualize the bones and structures in that area. |
90 | $32 | $144 |
| MRI scan of both breasts A magnetic resonance imaging test that creates detailed pictures of both breasts to help evaluate breast tissue. |
90 | $264 | $2,246 |
| Whole body bone and joint nuclear medicine scan A nuclear medicine imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer to create pictures of the entire skeleton and joints. This scan helps evaluate bone health and detect abnormalities throughout the body. |
87 | $181 | $499 |
| Abdominal X-ray, 1 view An X-ray image of the abdomen taken from a single angle to visualize internal structures. |
84 | $17 | $85 |
| X-ray of upper spine, 2-3 views An X-ray imaging test of the upper spine using two to three different angles to visualize the bones and structures. |
83 | $23 | $102 |
| Bone density scan (DEXA) of hip, pelvis, and spine This test measures bone density in the hip, pelvis, and spine to assess bone strength. It also includes an assessment for spine fractures. |
82 | $46 | $181 |
| Complete ultrasound of retroperitoneum An ultrasound examination of the structures located behind the abdominal cavity. |
78 | $59 | $286 |
| SPECT nuclear medicine scan, 1 area A nuclear medicine imaging test using a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan to create detailed images of one specific area of the body. |
71 | $245 | $901 |
| X-ray of hand, minimum of 3 views An X-ray imaging test of the hand that captures at least three different angles to visualize the bones and joints. |
68 | $23 | $88 |
| Ultrasound of abdominal aorta An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the abdominal aorta, the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lower body. |
68 | $81 | $221 |
| CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis using contrast dye before and after administration to visualize internal structures. |
65 | $209 | $1,006 |
| X-ray of middle spine, 2 views An X-ray imaging test that produces two views of the middle section of the spine to visualize the bones and joints. |
62 | $19 | $99 |
| CT scan of arm, without contrast A CT scan of the arm that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the arm's internal structures without the use of contrast dye. |
60 | $84 | $708 |
| Limited ultrasound of pelvis A focused ultrasound exam of the pelvic area to evaluate specific structures. This procedure provides images of the pelvis to assist in medical assessment. |
58 | $20 | $152 |
| MRI of middle spinal canal, without contrast This procedure uses magnetic resonance imaging to create detailed pictures of the middle section of the spinal canal. It is performed without the use of contrast dye. |
56 | $74 | $1,206 |
| Breast biopsy with ultrasound-guided localization device placement This procedure involves taking a tissue sample from a breast growth and placing a marker device to locate it, guided by ultrasound imaging. |
55 | $396 | $2,332 |
| MRI of abdomen without contrast An MRI scan of the abdomen that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of internal organs and tissues without the use of contrast dye. |
53 | $108 | $1,206 |
| Bone scan with multiple time points A nuclear medicine imaging test that captures images of the bones at various intervals to assess bone health and detect abnormalities. |
52 | $221 | $564 |
| CT scan of upper spine, without contrast A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the upper spine. This procedure is performed without the use of contrast dye. |
50 | $67 | $782 |
| Knee X-ray, 4 or more views An imaging test using X-rays to create multiple pictures of the knee joint from different angles. |
48 | $29 | $95 |
| CT scan of face, without contrast A computed tomography scan that creates detailed images of the facial structures. This procedure is performed without the use of intravenous contrast dye. |
43 | $74 | $723 |
| Swallowing function imaging Imaging used to evaluate how well a person can swallow. This procedure visualizes the swallowing process to assess function. |
42 | $82 | $386 |
| Breast biopsy with localization device using X-ray A procedure to remove a sample of breast tissue for testing, using X-ray guidance to place a device that marks the location of the first growth. |
41 | $403 | $2,382 |
| Knee X-ray, 3 views An X-ray imaging test of the knee joint that captures three different angles to evaluate the bones and surrounding structures. |
40 | $26 | $87 |
| MRI of pelvis, without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvic area performed without the use of contrast dye. |
38 | $135 | $1,206 |
| CT scan of head blood vessels with contrast A CT scan that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of the blood vessels in the head. |
37 | $141 | $1,226 |
| Limited x-ray of body bones A targeted X-ray image of a specific area of the body's bones to evaluate bone structure. |
36 | $36 | $58 |
| CT scan of neck blood vessels with contrast A computed tomography scan that uses dye to visualize the blood vessels in the neck. This imaging test helps examine the structure and flow within the neck's vascular system. |
35 | $106 | $1,226 |
| MRI of lower spine with and without contrast An MRI scan of the lower spinal canal performed both before and after the administration of contrast dye to enhance image detail. |
34 | $165 | $1,880 |
| CT scan of neck soft tissue, without contrast A CT scan that creates detailed images of the soft tissues in the neck using X-rays without the use of contrast dye. |
33 | $70 | $653 |
| CT scan of chest blood vessels with contrast A CT scan that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of the blood vessels in the chest. |
33 | $139 | $1,102 |
| X-ray of both hips, minimum of 5 views An X-ray imaging test that captures at least five different views of both hip joints to evaluate bone structure and alignment. |
33 | $38 | $246 |
| MRI of head blood vessels without contrast An MRI scan that creates detailed images of the blood vessels in the head without using contrast dye. |
30 | $134 | $1,206 |
| Complete pelvic ultrasound An imaging test using sound waves to create pictures of the organs and structures within the pelvis. |
30 | $58 | $278 |
| CT scan of abdomen with contrast A CT scan of the abdomen using a contrast dye to create detailed images of internal organs and structures. |
29 | $142 | $838 |
| Chest X-ray, 1 view An X-ray image of the chest taken from a single angle. This imaging test is used to visualize the structures within the chest cavity. |
27 | $14 | $80 |
| Wrist X-ray, minimum 3 views An imaging test using X-rays to capture at least three different angles of the wrist bones and joints. |
27 | $26 | $88 |
| Limited ultrasound of joint or extremity A focused ultrasound exam of a specific joint or other structure in the arm or leg, excluding blood vessels. |
27 | $17 | $194 |
| MRI of eye socket, face, and/or neck with and without contrast This procedure uses magnetic resonance imaging to create detailed pictures of the bones in the eye socket, face, and neck. It is performed both before and after the administration of a contrast dye to enhance the images. |
26 | $202 | $1,880 |
| X-ray of multiple joints An X-ray imaging test that captures images of several joints simultaneously to evaluate their structure and alignment. |
26 | $25 | $114 |
| CT scan of head, without contrast A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain and skull. This specific scan is performed without the use of contrast dye. |
25 | $81 | $654 |
| Nuclear medicine scan from skull base to mid-thigh with CT A nuclear medicine imaging study covering the area from the base of the skull to the middle of the thighs, performed alongside a CT scan. |
25 | $1,172 | $3,682 |
| Ankle X-ray, minimum 3 views An X-ray imaging test of the ankle that captures at least three different angles to evaluate the bones and joints. |
23 | $23 | $104 |
| X-ray of surgical specimen | 23 | $33 | $62 |
| MRI of leg, without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the leg performed without the use of contrast dye to visualize internal structures. |
22 | $131 | $1,206 |
| Ultrasound of leg arteries or grafts An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the blood vessels in the legs or any surgical grafts present. |
22 | $164 | $393 |
| Low dose CT scan of chest for lung cancer screening A specialized CT scan of the chest using a lower radiation dose to screen for lung cancer. |
21 | $92 | $636 |
| CT scan of middle spine, without contrast A CT scan of the middle spine performed without the use of contrast dye. This imaging test uses X-rays to create detailed pictures of the vertebrae and surrounding structures. |
21 | $68 | $770 |
| Double contrast esophagram An X-ray of the esophagus using two types of contrast material to create detailed images of the upper digestive tract. |
21 | $63 | $314 |
| Lung ventilation and perfusion scan A nuclear medicine test that uses radioactive tracers to evaluate both air flow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs. |
20 | $209 | $509 |
| X-ray of hand, 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the hand using two different angles to visualize the bones and joints. |
19 | $19 | $86 |
| CT scan of abdomen without contrast A computed tomography scan that creates detailed images of the abdominal organs and structures. This procedure is performed without the use of intravenous contrast dye. |
19 | $65 | $814 |
| Breast lesion localization with ultrasound guidance A device is placed in the breast to mark a specific growth using ultrasound guidance. This procedure helps identify the exact location of the lesion for further treatment or removal. |
18 | $294 | $1,775 |
| MRI of neck blood vessels with and without contrast This procedure uses magnetic resonance imaging to create detailed pictures of the blood vessels in the neck. Images are taken both before and after the administration of a contrast dye to enhance visibility. |
18 | $221 | $1,880 |
| MRI of spinal canal with and without contrast A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the central spinal canal performed both before and after the administration of contrast dye to enhance image detail. |
17 | $171 | $1,880 |
| Nuclear medicine stomach emptying study A nuclear medicine test used to assess how quickly the stomach empties its contents. |
17 | $217 | $991 |
| Injection, sincalide, 5 micrograms | 17 | $101 | $320 |
| Rib X-ray, 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the ribs on one side of the body using two different angles. |
16 | $21 | $105 |
| CT scan of pelvis, without contrast A CT scan that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the pelvic area without the use of contrast dye. |
16 | $65 | $782 |
| Ultrasound of arm or leg veins An ultrasound exam of the veins in one arm or leg using compression and other maneuvers to assess blood flow and check for blockages. |
16 | $79 | $275 |
| CT scan of head/brain with and without contrast A CT scan of the head or brain performed using contrast dye both before and after its administration to capture detailed images. |
15 | $96 | $858 |
| MRI of upper spine with and without contrast An MRI scan of the upper spinal canal performed both before and after the administration of contrast dye to enhance image detail. |
15 | $165 | $1,880 |
| X-ray of thigh bone, minimum 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the thigh bone using at least two different angles to visualize the bone structure. |
15 | $22 | $105 |
| Abdominal X-ray, 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the abdomen using two different angles to visualize internal structures. |
15 | $21 | $102 |
| Nuclear medicine liver and bile duct study with drugs A nuclear medicine imaging test to examine the liver and bile duct system using administered drugs. |
15 | $293 | $1,321 |
| Nuclear medicine kidney blood flow and function study A nuclear medicine test that evaluates blood flow and function of the kidneys. |
15 | $225 | $1,090 |
| MRI of head blood vessels with and without contrast An MRI scan that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of the blood vessels in the head, performed both before and after the dye is administered. |
14 | $196 | $1,182 |
| Thyroid nuclear medicine study A diagnostic imaging test using radioactive material to evaluate the structure and function of the thyroid gland. |
13 | $160 | $282 |
| Fluorodeoxyglucose f-18 fdg, diagnostic, per study dose, up to 45 millicuries | 13 | $197 | $250 |
| X-ray of sacrum and tailbone, minimum of 2 views An X-ray imaging test of the sacrum and tailbone using at least two different angles to visualize the bones. |
12 | $20 | $100 |
| CT scan of abdominal and pelvic blood vessels with contrast A computed tomography scan that uses contrast dye to visualize the blood vessels in the abdomen and pelvis. |
12 | $235 | $838 |
| Limited ultrasound of 1 breast A focused ultrasound examination of a single breast to evaluate specific areas of concern. |
12 | $70 | $304 |
| X-ray of sacroiliac joint, 1-2 views An X-ray imaging test of the joint connecting the lower spine to the hip bone, using one to two images. |
11 | $20 | $90 |
| MRI of abdominal blood vessels An MRI scan that creates detailed images of the blood vessels in the abdomen. |
11 | $195 | $1,880 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2023 ↗$358
Total received (2019-2023)
Avg $119/year across 3 years
Top 39% in FL for radiation oncology
2
Companies
6
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$358 (100.0%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2023
$287
2021
$32
2019
$39
Payments by company (2023)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.
$319
GE HEALTHCARE
$39
Top 3 companies account for 100.0% of total payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
Artis Q floor · MAGNETOM Vida · Mammomat Inspiration · Mammomat Revelation
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (100%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Equivalent to $0 per 100 Medicare services performed
Geographic Context
Radiation oncologists within 10 mi
42
Per 100K population
25.6
County median income
$71,049
Nearest hospital
CLEVELAND CLINIC INDIAN RIVER HOSPITAL
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2023 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This measures how much public data is available about a provider — not how good they are. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Kedem is a mixed practice specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 1% in FL), with low-engagement industry engagement, with 20 years of NPI registration.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data. It describes data availability and patterns — not clinical quality. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Kedem experienced with mri contrast dye injection (gadoterate)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Kedem performed 75,202 mri contrast dye injection (gadoterate) services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Kedem receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Kedem received a total of $358 from 2 companies across 6 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Kedem's costs compare to other radiation oncologists in Vero Beach?
Dr. Kedem's average Medicare payment per service is $12. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Kedem) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. The Transparency Score measures data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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