Medicare Enrolled
Dr. Mark Chou, D.O.
Cardiovascular Disease · Loma Linda, CA
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology
— Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Low-engagement
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating.
This page presents federal public records about Dr. Chou from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
Are you Dr. Chou?
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What this data tells you about Dr. Chou
Dr. Mark Chou is a cardiovascular disease specialist in Loma Linda, CA, with 14 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Chou performed 1,245 Medicare services across 998 unique beneficiaries.
Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Chou received a total of $6,224 from 32 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 195 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in cardiovascular disease. Most payments are for meals and travel — low-value interactions common across virtually all practicing physicians. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.
The Data Coverage level for Dr. Chou is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.
✓ 14 years in practice
▲ 1,245 Medicare services
$6,224 industry payments
Medicare Practice Summary
Medicare Utilization ↗1,245
Medicare services
Bottom 39% in CA for cardiovascular disease
Lower Medicare volume may reflect subspecialty focus, hospital-based work, or a higher share of non-Medicare patients.
998
Unique beneficiaries
$47
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~89 Medicare services per year of practice
Top procedures by volume
Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.
| Procedure | Volume | Avg. paid | Avg. submitted |
|---|---|---|---|
| EKG interpretation and report A standard electrocardiogram test that records the heart's electrical activity using at least 12 leads. The service includes a professional interpretation of the results and a written report. |
574 | $6 | $19 |
| Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report. |
154 | $10 | $33 |
| Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min) An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter. |
113 | $131 | $411 |
| Echocardiogram, transthoracic An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function. |
85 | $144 | $457 |
| Office visit, established patient (30-39 min) A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
62 | $85 | $292 |
| New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) | 31 | $143 | $504 |
| Sedation by physician, initial 15 minutes Administration of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by the physician performing a procedure. This code covers the initial 15 minutes of sedation for patients aged 5 years or older. |
29 | $10 | $29 |
| Remote pacemaker monitoring, 90 days Remote assessment of a pacemaker system, including single, dual, multiple lead, or leadless devices, performed up to 90 days apart. |
25 | $23 | $68 |
| Remote pacemaker/defibrillator monitoring, 90 days Remote evaluation of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator system within 90 days of the last check. |
25 | $18 | $54 |
| Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram, with physician review of the results. |
23 | $11 | $33 |
| Ultrasound of arm or leg veins An ultrasound exam of the veins in the arm or leg. The test uses sound waves to check blood flow and may include compression and other maneuvers. |
23 | $141 | $441 |
| Nuclear stress test of heart muscle A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle at rest and during stress using a special camera. |
21 | $57 | $175 |
| Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
20 | $89 | $230 |
| Ultrasound of leg arteries or grafts An imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the blood vessels in the legs or any surgical grafts present. |
16 | $199 | $568 |
| Office visit, established patient (20-29 min) An office visit for an existing patient lasting between 20 and 29 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition. |
16 | $73 | $207 |
| Initial hospital admission, high complexity Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter. |
16 | $137 | $446 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 12 | $187 | $671 |
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
11.8% high complexity
6.7% medium
81.5% routine
Industry Payment Transparency
Open Payments through 2024 ↗$6,224
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $889/year across 7 years
Top 36% in CA for cardiovascular disease
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
32
Companies
195
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →
Payment profile
Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$6,203 (99.7%)
Consulting
Expert advisory fees, typically reflecting recognized clinical expertise
$21 (0.3%)
Payment trend by year
Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
2024
$798
2023
$188
2022
$494
2021
$1,115
2020
$519
2019
$1,689
2018
$1,422
Payments by company (2024)
Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Boston Scientific Corporation
$423
Philips North America LLC
$111
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$107
AngioDynamics, Inc.
$52
PFIZER INC.
$27
Abbott Laboratories
$24
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$21
HEARTFLOW, INC.
$17
Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
$17
Top 3 companies account for 80.3% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Medtronic Vascular, Inc.
$1,791
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$1,129
Boston Scientific Corporation
$474
Medtronic, Inc.
$379
Abbott Laboratories
$319
Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
$263
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$237
PFIZER INC.
$229
Amgen Inc.
$228
Novo Nordisk Inc
$198
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$129
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$113
Philips North America LLC
$111
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)
$86
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$84
Philips Electronics North America Corporation
$63
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$54
AngioDynamics, Inc.
$52
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$33
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.
$30
Bardy Diagnostics, Inc.
$25
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$24
Chiesi USA, Inc.
$23
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$21
Baxter Healthcare
$21
Lilly USA, LLC
$18
HEARTFLOW, INC.
$17
Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
$17
Tactile Systems Technology Inc
$16
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
$15
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation
$14
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
$12
Top 3 companies account for 54.5% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
(5044) MCOT · (CK4) MCOT · ASSURITY · Abre · Allure Quadra RF CRT Pacemaker · Assurity Pacemaker · Azure · BRILINTA · CAMZYOS · Cardiva VASCADE MVP VVCS 6-12F · Carnation Ambulatory Monitor · Claria MRI · ClosureFast · Confirm Rx · CoreValve Evolut · Corlanor · Coronary Orbital Atherectomy System · Diamondback Peripheral · ELIQUIS · ELUVIA · ENTRESTO · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve · EkoSonic · FFRct · Flexitouch Plus · GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder · HawkOne · Hillrom - Carnation Ambulatory Monitor · IGT D Coronary · IN.PACT ADMIRAL · IN.PACT AV · IN.PACT Admiral · INSPIRE · JARDIANCE · KENGREAL · LEQVIO · LINQ II · LifeVest · MITRACLIP · MULTAQ · NEXLETOL · Ozempic · PRALUENT · Peripheral Orbital Atherectomy System · Repatha · Resolute · Saxenda · TRULICITY · VENACURE 1470 PRO · VERQUVO · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · WATCHMAN Access System · XARELTO · Xience Sierra Coronary Stent
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →
Most payments (100%) are for meals and travel — low-value interactions that are common across virtually all practicing physicians.
Geographic Context
Cardiologists within 10 mi
102
Per 100K population
4.7
County median income
$82,184
Nearest hospital
LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
Data Sources
| Provider Registry | ✓ NPPES | Weekly updates |
| Medicare Enrollment | ✓ PECOS | Monthly updates |
| Practice Data | ✓ Medicare Util. | Annual (CY lag) |
| Industry Payments | ✓ Open Payments | CY 2024 |
| Disciplinary History | — Not public | N/A |
This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →
Summary
Dr. Chou is a clinical cardiology specialist, with moderate Medicare volume, with low-engagement industry engagement.
This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dr. Chou experienced with ekg interpretation and report?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Chou performed 574 ekg interpretation and report services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Chou receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Chou received a total of $6,224 from 32 companies across 195 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Chou's costs compare to other cardiologists in Loma Linda?
Dr. Chou's average Medicare payment per service is $47. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Chou) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
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About this page
All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.
This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.
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