Medicare Enrolled

Dr. Bruce Samuels, M.D.

Cardiovascular Disease · Beverly Hills, CA
Practice pattern: Clinical Cardiology — Primarily office-based clinical cardiology
Consulting-driven
414 N CAMDEN DR, Beverly Hills, CA 90210
3102783400
In practice since 2006 (20 years)
NPI: 1083686372 verify on NPPES ↗
Very High
DATA COVERAGE
Data in 4 of 4 federal sources
Measures public federal data availability — not provider quality
Informational, not a quality rating. This page presents federal public records about Dr. Samuels from CMS (NPPES, Open Payments, Medicare Provider Utilization, PECOS). It is not medical advice, an endorsement, or a judgment of clinical quality. Always consult the provider directly and a licensed clinician for medical decisions. Read methodology →
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What this data tells you about Dr. Samuels

Dr. Bruce Samuels is a cardiovascular disease specialist in Beverly Hills, CA, with 20 years of NPI registration. Based on federal Medicare data, Dr. Samuels performed 14,234 Medicare services across 6,058 unique beneficiaries.

Between the years covered by Open Payments, Dr. Samuels received a total of $638,648 from 39 pharmaceutical and/or device companies across 1865 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common in cardiovascular disease. The majority of payments are for consulting, which typically reflects recognized clinical expertise sought by manufacturers. Patients may wish to discuss these relationships with their provider.

The Data Coverage level for Dr. Samuels is Very High — reflecting how much public federal data is available about this provider. Patients are encouraged to use this data as one of several factors when choosing a healthcare provider.

✓ 20 years in practice ▲ Top 4% volume in CA $638,648 industry payments

Medicare Practice Summary

Medicare Utilization ↗
14,234
Medicare services
Top 4% in CA for cardiovascular disease
6,058
Unique beneficiaries
$57
Avg. Medicare payment
Medicare patients only (65+ / disabled) · How to read this →
~712 Medicare services per year of practice

Top procedures by volume

Ranked by number of services performed for Medicare patients. Avg. submitted charge is what the provider billed; avg. Medicare payment is what CMS paid.

Procedure Volume Avg. paid Avg. submitted
Contrast dye for imaging (iodine-based)
A contrast agent containing 300-399 mg/ml of iodine used to enhance imaging studies. It is administered per milliliter to improve the visibility of internal structures.
5,000 $0 $0
Virtual check-in for established patient
A brief communication service provided by a qualified healthcare professional to an established patient via technology, such as a virtual check-in.
1,126 $12 $35
Office visit, established patient (30-39 min)
A follow-up office visit for an existing patient lasting between 30 and 39 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition.
1,031 $108 $285
Electrocardiogram (EKG), 12-lead
A standard heart rhythm test using at least 12 leads to record electrical activity. A healthcare provider interprets the results and provides a written report.
588 $13 $38
Blood draw (venipuncture)
Insertion of a needle into a vein to collect a blood sample.
485 $6 $6
Office visit, established patient, complex (40-54 min)
An office or outpatient visit for an existing patient lasting between 40 and 54 minutes. This level of service is determined by the total time spent on the date of the encounter.
481 $144 $400
Regadenoson injection (Lexiscan) for heart stress test
An injection of regadenoson, a medication used to stress the heart during diagnostic testing.
422 $46 $110
Complex chronic care management, first 60 minutes
This service involves clinical staff time directed by a healthcare professional to manage two or more chronic conditions over a calendar month. It covers the first 60 minutes of this coordinated care effort.
404 $118 $300
Advance care planning consultation, first 30 min
A session focused on discussing and documenting future healthcare preferences and goals. This service covers the initial 30 minutes of the planning discussion.
356 $72 $185
Lipid panel (cholesterol and triglycerides)
A blood test that measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
319 $13 $34
Comprehensive metabolic blood panel
A blood test that measures a group of chemicals, including glucose, electrolytes, and kidney and liver function markers.
313 $10 $26
Telephone medical discussion, 11-20 minutes
A phone conversation with a physician lasting between 11 and 20 minutes.
294 $79 $205
Telephone medical discussion, 21-30 minutes
A telephone conversation with a physician lasting between 21 and 30 minutes. This code covers the time spent discussing medical matters over the phone.
271 $112 $285
Echocardiogram, transthoracic
An ultrasound of the heart that uses color to show blood flow, rate, direction, and valve function.
249 $169 $467
Hospital follow-up visit, high complexity
Subsequent hospital inpatient or observation care for an existing patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 50 minutes total time on the date of the encounter.
224 $102 $226
Rubidium rb-82, diagnostic, per study dose, up to 60 millicuries 201 $417 $584
Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
An automated laboratory test that measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood, including a breakdown of the different types of white blood cells.
155 $8 $20
Natriuretic peptide level test
A blood test that measures the level of natriuretic peptide, a protein produced by the heart and blood vessels.
147 $38 $84
Office visit, established patient (20-29 min)
An office visit for an existing patient lasting between 20 and 29 minutes. The visit involves medical evaluation and management of the patient's condition.
141 $74 $162
Exercise or drug-induced heart stress test with ECG
A heart stress test performed using exercise or medication while monitoring the electrocardiogram under physician supervision and review.
132 $64 $162
Basic metabolic blood panel
A blood test that measures a group of basic chemicals, including total calcium levels.
109 $8 $20
Nuclear stress test of heart muscle
A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle while at rest and during stress.
100 $1,369 $3,432
New patient office visit, complex (60-74 min) 93 $177 $487
Thyroxine (T4) level test
A blood test that measures the total amount of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, in your body.
83 $7 $16
Thyroid hormone evaluation
A blood test to measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. This evaluation helps assess how well the thyroid gland is functioning.
83 $6 $16
Total T3 thyroid hormone test
A blood test that measures the total amount of triiodothyronine (T3) hormone in your body. T3 is a thyroid hormone that helps regulate metabolism and energy levels.
82 $14 $36
Hemoglobin A1c test (diabetes monitoring)
A blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months.
81 $10 $24
Continuous EKG monitoring review, 48-7 days
Review and interpretation of continuous external EKG recordings lasting more than 48 hours up to 7 days.
80 $19 $250
Continuous external EKG monitoring, 48 hours to 7 days
This procedure involves recording the heart's electrical activity continuously using an external device for a period exceeding 48 hours but not more than 7 days.
79 $11 $250
Prothrombin time test (blood clotting)
A laboratory test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot. This procedure evaluates the body's coagulation process.
75 $4 $10
Heart muscle strain imaging 61 $35 $94
Sedation by physician, initial 15 minutes
Administration of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by the physician performing a procedure. This code covers the initial 15 minutes of sedation for patients aged 5 years or older.
58 $10 $30
Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi diagnostic injection
A diagnostic injection of technetium Tc-99m sestamibi used for imaging studies.
56 $184 $235
CT scan of heart blood vessels and grafts with contrast
A CT scan that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of the heart's blood vessels and any surgical grafts.
50 $265 $863
Initial hospital admission, high complexity
Initial hospital inpatient or observation care for a new patient involving high-level medical decision making, with at least 75 minutes total time on the date of the encounter.
49 $149 $440
Coagulation assessment blood test
A blood test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot. The sample can be plasma or whole blood.
45 $6 $14
Manual urinalysis with microscopic examination
A urine test performed manually without automated equipment. The sample is examined under a microscope to check for abnormalities.
44 $4 $10
Magnesium level test
A blood test to measure the amount of magnesium in your body. This helps check for magnesium deficiency or excess.
42 $7 $16
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test
A blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle in a test tube to detect inflammation in the body. This specific method is performed manually rather than using an automated machine.
39 $4 $8
Telephone medical discussion, 5-10 minutes
A phone conversation with a physician lasting between 5 and 10 minutes to discuss medical matters.
39 $50 $158
Coronary angiography
A procedure to insert a tube into a coronary artery to capture diagnostic images of the heart's blood vessels.
38 $134 $518
Vitamin D level test
A blood test to measure the amount of Vitamin D-3 in your body.
36 $29 $74
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein test
A blood test that measures high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to detect infection or inflammation.
35 $13 $32
Coronary stent placement
A procedure to insert a stent into a coronary artery or its branch to keep it open, using balloon dilation during the process.
35 $446 $1,268
PET scan of heart muscle blood flow
A nuclear medicine imaging test that uses positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate blood flow within the heart muscle.
29 $125 $200
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test
A blood test that measures the level of thyroid stimulating hormone to evaluate thyroid function.
29 $16 $42
Nuclear stress test of heart muscle
A nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates blood flow to the heart muscle at rest and during stress using a special camera.
28 $415 $1,158
Uric acid level test
A blood test that measures the level of uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines.
28 $4 $12
Normal saline infusion, 250 cc
Administration of 250 cubic centimeters of normal saline solution into a vein. This procedure involves the intravenous delivery of a sterile saltwater fluid.
28 $1 $10
Troponin blood test
A blood test that measures the amount of troponin protein in your body. Troponin is released into the blood when heart muscle is damaged.
26 $12 $24
Ultrasound of heart blood vessel or graft
An ultrasound exam to evaluate blood flow in a heart blood vessel or graft, including a radiologist's review of the initial vessel.
26 $78 $206
Continuous ECG monitoring, up to 30 days
Continuous heart rhythm monitoring for up to 30 days, including professional review and reporting of the results.
26 $21 $56
30-day continuous ECG with patient-triggered event transmission and review
This procedure involves continuous electrocardiogram monitoring for up to 30 days, including the transmission of patient-triggered events. A healthcare professional reviews the data and provides a report.
26 $772 $2,200
Intravascular ultrasound of heart vessel, initial
An ultrasound procedure used to evaluate a blood vessel within the heart during a diagnostic or treatment procedure.
23 $60 $175
Transitional care management services, moderate complexity
Services provided to coordinate care during the transition from an inpatient or other facility setting back to the community. This includes follow-up and management of a health problem of at least moderate complexity.
23 $182 $465
PSA test (prostate cancer screening)
A blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer.
22 $19 $41
Ultrasound of head and neck blood flow, bilateral
An ultrasound exam that uses sound waves to visualize and assess blood flow in the vessels of both the head and the neck.
20 $171 $377
Direct bilirubin level test
A blood test that measures the amount of direct bilirubin in your body. Direct bilirubin is the form of the waste product processed by the liver.
19 $5 $12
Cardiac catheterization 16 $181 $640
Complete ultrasound of aorta, vena cava, groin vessels or bypass grafts
A complete ultrasound exam of the aorta, vena cava, groin vessels, or bypass grafts. This imaging test uses sound waves to visualize these blood vessels.
12 $170 $377
Flu vaccine, high-dose
High-dose seasonal influenza vaccine for adults aged 65 and older. Contains four times the antigen of standard-dose flu vaccines (60 mcg per strain), split-virus formulation, preservative-free, single-dose syringe.
11 $72 $150
Flu vaccine administration
This procedure involves the administration of the influenza virus vaccine. It covers the process of delivering the vaccine to the patient.
11 $30 $30
How to read this data: This reflects Medicare patients only (typically 65+). Payment amounts are what Medicare paid the provider, not your out-of-pocket cost. A higher procedure volume generally indicates more experience with that procedure.
2.4% high complexity
41.6% medium
56.0% routine

Industry Payment Transparency

Open Payments through 2024 ↗
$638,648
Total received (2018-2024)
Avg $91,235/year across 7 years
Top 1% in CA for cardiovascular disease
A higher payment rank reflects disclosed industry relationships (consulting, research, speaking) common among subspecialists — not wrongdoing.
39
Companies
1,865
Individual payments
All payments are legal and publicly reported · Not evidence of wrongdoing · How to interpret →

Payment profile

Industry payments classified by relationship type. Not all payments are equal — research and consulting reflect different relationships than speaking programs or meals.

Consulting
Expert advisory fees, typically reflecting recognized clinical expertise
$610,513 (95.6%)
Speaking / Promotional
Speaker programs, honoraria, and industry-sponsored educational events
$19,349 (3.0%)
Meals & Travel
Food, beverages, travel, and lodging — typically low-value
$8,786 (1.4%)

Payment trend by year

Annual totals from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.

2024
$152,947
2023
$54,432
2022
$87,216
2021
$75,301
2020
$61,111
2019
$87,545
2018
$120,096

Payments by company (2024)

Consulting
Speaking
Meals & Travel
Research
Abbott Laboratories
$121,932
Philips North America LLC
$29,421
ShockWave Medical, Inc
$1,033
ABIOMED
$325
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.
$62
Amgen Inc.
$44
Boston Scientific Corporation
$40
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$40
Lilly USA, LLC
$25
PFIZER INC.
$24
Top 3 companies account for 99.6% of 2024 payments
All-time payments by company (2018-2024) ›
Abbott Laboratories
$461,120
Philips Electronics North America Corporation
$97,019
CathWorks, Inc.
$32,768
Philips North America LLC
$29,421
Medtronic, Inc.
$6,450
Genentech, Inc.
$3,250
ShockWave Medical, Inc
$2,729
Shockwave Medical, Inc
$1,177
ABIOMED
$1,126
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
$894
BIOTRONIK INC.
$343
Medtronic Vascular, Inc.
$335
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.
$333
Amgen Inc.
$215
Boston Scientific Corporation
$202
Acist Medical Systems, Inc.
$182
Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.
$127
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.
$106
PFIZER INC.
$106
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC
$93
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
$76
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
$49
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc
$46
Lilly USA, LLC
$46
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$45
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.
$45
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
$44
Cardiovascular Systems Inc.
$44
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
$39
ACIST MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
$39
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
$26
Shield Therapeutics Inc
$26
Amarin Pharma Inc.
$24
Maquet Cardiovascular U.S. Sales, L.L.C.
$24
Astellas Pharma US Inc
$23
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
$17
Bardy Diagnostics, Inc.
$14
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
$13
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
$12
Top 3 companies account for 92.5% of all-time payments
Associated products mentioned in payments ›
(0082) Healthcare Innovation · (0845) Combo Wire · (5028) IGT Devices Systems Undivided · (6342) Intrasight Integ · (6342) Intrasight Integrated · (6361) Core Mobile · (6366) Sync · (6391) Nexcimer · (6399) Angio iFR · (6494) Flowire · (6496) FM Other · (6571) Eagle Eye · (6572) Rotational · (6574) Coronary Other · (6575) Coronary Undivided · (6581) Verrata Plus · (6585) Omniwire · (7881) US Und · (8328) Image Guided Therapy Devices _ Therapy · (845) Combo Wire · (9266) ELCA · (9267) AngioSculpt CV RX · (9284) Stellarex · (9520) IGT Devices Und · (9520) IGT Devices Undivided · (BH4) IGT Devices Undivided · (BQ9) Coronary IVUS · (BR1) Coronary Specialty Balloon · (BR3) Coronary Other · (P84) IGT Devices Systems · (P88) IGT Devices FM · ABSOLUTE PRO · ABSORB · ACCRUFER · AMPLATZER · AMPLATZER AMULET · AMPLATZER Occluders · AMPLATZER TALISMAN · AMVUTTRA · ANGIO-SEAL · AVEIR · AVVIGO · AVVIGO Guidance System · AXIUM · Absorb · Allura Xper FD 20 · Allura Xper FD 20_20 · Architect system · Artis icono · Asahi Fielder FC coronary guide wire · Asahi Fielder coronary guide wire · Asahi Grand Slam guide wire · Astron; Pulsar; AstronPulsar · BRILINTA · CAMZYOS · CARDIVA VASCADE 5F VCS · COPILOT · COROFLOW · COROFLOW UPGRADE KIT · CVI SYSTEMS · CVX-300 · Cardiovascular- Research only · Cardiva VASCADE MVP VVCS 6-12F · Carnation Ambulatory Monitor · Co-Reg FFR (Sync Rx) · DIAMONDBACK CORONARY · DIAMONDBACK PERIPHERAL · DRAGONFLY OPSTAR · Diamondback Coronary · Dragonfly OCT · ELCA · ELIQUIS · ENTRESTO · EVKEEZA · Eagle Eye Platinum · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve · Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve · Euphora · FFRangio System · Fox Sv PTA catheter and Armada 14 percutaneous catheter and Viatrac 14 Plus peripheral catheter · GENERAL THERAPIES · GENERAL STENTS · HD-IVUS · HI-TORQUE BALANCE · Hi-Torque Balance Guide Wires · IGT D Coronary · IGT D Serv Und · IGT Device Undivided · IGT Devices Und · IGT Undivided · IGT_D Coronary · IGT_D FM · IGT_D Systems · IVUS Systems · Image Guided Therapy Devices _ FM · Impella · JARDIANCE · JETI PERIPHERAL CATHETER · Kerendia · LEQVIO · LEXISCAN · Livalo · MINI TREK · MITRACLIP · MOUNJARO · Mitra Clip system · MitraClip System · NC TREK NEO · ONYX FRONTIER · OPTICROSS · OPTIS · Occluders · Omnilink Elite vascular stent system · Optis Coronary Imaging System · Orsiro Mission · PCI Optimization · PERCLOSE PROGLIDE · PRALUENT · PRALUENT ALIROCUMAB INJECTION · PRESSUREWIRE · PRO-Kinetic Energy · Perclose ProGlide suture mediated closure system · Perclose ProStyle · PressureWire FFR · Prod. Category: OEM · Pulsar · RESOLUTE ONYX · Repatha · Resolute · Reveal LINQ · SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA · SHOCKWAVE IVL SYSTEM WITH THE SHOCKWAVE C2 CORONARY IVL CATHETER · SUPERA · Shockwave IVL System with the Shockwave C2 Coronary IVL Catheter · Spectranetics Undiv · TNKase · Trilogy 100 · ULTREON · UNIFY ASSURA · US Und · Ultreon · VERQUVO · VYNDAQEL · Vascepa · Vascular Closure Device · Vascular Lithotripsy · WATCHMAN Access System · XARELTO · XIENCE ALPINE · XIENCE SIERRA · XIENCE SKYPOINT · Xience Alpine cornary stent system · Xience Alpine coronary stent system · Xience Sierra Coronary Stent · Xience Sierra Coronary Stent System · Xience V coronary stent system · Xience Xpedition coronary stent system · iCAST · iFR
Should you be concerned? Payments from pharmaceutical and device companies are legal and common — 57% of U.S. physicians receive at least one. They often reflect legitimate consulting, research, or education. What matters is whether a recommended drug or device appears in your doctor's payment records. If so, consider asking your doctor about it. How to interpret this data →

The majority of payments (96%) are consulting fees, which typically reflect recognized clinical expertise sought by manufacturers. Total industry engagement is in the top 1% for cardiovascular disease in CA.

Looking for a cardiovascular disease specialist in Beverly Hills?
Compare cardiologists in the Beverly Hills area by procedure volume, costs, and industry payment transparency.
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Geographic Context

Cardiologists within 10 mi
569
Per 100K population
5.8
County median income
$87,760
Nearest hospital
RONALD REAGAN UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
2.6 mi

Data Sources

Provider Registry NPPES Weekly updates
Medicare Enrollment PECOS Monthly updates
Practice Data Medicare Util. Annual (CY lag)
Industry Payments Open Payments CY 2024
Disciplinary History — Not public N/A

This provider has data in 4 of 4 available federal datasets, with a Data Coverage level of Very High. This reflects how much public data is available about a provider. How we calculate this →

Summary

Dr. Samuels is a clinical cardiology specialist, with above-average Medicare volume (top 4% in CA), with consulting-driven industry engagement in the top 1% of CA peers, with 20 years of NPI registration.

This summary is auto-generated from federal data, describing data availability and patterns. Read our methodology →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Dr. Samuels experienced with contrast dye for imaging (iodine-based)?
Based on Medicare claims data, Dr. Samuels performed 5,000 contrast dye for imaging (iodine-based) services. Research suggests that higher procedure volume is often associated with better outcomes, particularly for complex procedures. Note that Medicare data only captures patients aged 65 and older, so the total practice volume across all patients is likely higher.
Does Dr. Samuels receive payments from pharmaceutical companies?
Yes. Dr. Samuels received a total of $638,648 from 39 companies across 1,865 individual payments. These payments are legal, publicly disclosed under the federal Sunshine Act, and common among physicians — 57% of all U.S. physicians receive at least one industry payment. Patients may wish to ask their doctor about these relationships, especially if a recommended drug or device appears in the payment records.
How do Dr. Samuels's costs compare to other cardiologists in Beverly Hills?
Dr. Samuels's average Medicare payment per service is $57. Note that these figures represent what Medicare pays, not your out-of-pocket cost, which depends on your specific insurance plan and deductible. Procedure-level data above shows both what was submitted and what Medicare paid for each service type.
What does Data Coverage mean?
Data Coverage (currently Very High for Dr. Samuels) measures how much public federal data is available about a provider. It is not a quality rating. A "Very High" or "High" level means the provider has data across multiple federal sources (NPPES, PECOS, Medicare Utilization, Open Payments), indicating a long track record of practice, Medicare participation, and industry disclosure. A "Low" or "Moderate" level may simply mean the provider is newer, does not see Medicare patients, or has not received any industry payments — none of which are inherently negative. Read our full methodology →
Is this data up to date?
Each data source has its own update cycle. Provider registry data (NPPES) is updated weekly. Medicare enrollment (PECOS) is updated monthly. Medicare practice data has a ~2 year lag — the most recent available is typically 2 years prior. Industry payment data (Open Payments) is published annually, usually in June, covering the prior calendar year. We display the data date prominently on each section so you always know how current it is. See our data freshness policy →
About this page

All data on this page is sourced verbatim from public federal records published by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): NPPES ↗, Open Payments ↗, Medicare Provider Utilization ↗, and PECOS. Publication is mandated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (§6002 ACA, 42 U.S.C. §1320a-7h) and the Freedom of Information Act.

This page is not medical advice, an endorsement, a recommendation, or a quality rating. Data Coverage reflects data completeness — how much federal information exists for this provider — not clinical performance, patient outcomes, or quality of care. Always verify information directly with the provider and consult a licensed clinician before making medical decisions.

Provider corrections: Provider portal · Privacy questions: Privacy Policy · Terms: Terms of Use · Methodology: Methodology

Data Disclaimer — Data sourced from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES), Open Payments program, Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data, and Provider Enrollment & Certification data (PECOS). Published under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This website is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or authorized by CMS, HHS, or the U.S. Government. Data may contain errors as reported to CMS by providers and reporting entities. Payments from industry are legal and do not indicate wrongdoing. Medicare data reflects only patients aged 65+ or those with qualifying disabilities. For corrections, contact CMS directly. This information does not constitute medical advice and should not be used as the sole basis for choosing a healthcare provider. Procedure descriptions use plain language and do not reference CPT® codes, which are copyrighted by the American Medical Association. Full methodology → · Report a data error → · Privacy policy →